{"id":35207,"date":"2026-09-06T08:03:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T08:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2026\/09\/06\/chapitre-4-engagement-civique\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T22:22:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T22:22:13","slug":"chapitre-4-engagement-civique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2026\/09\/06\/chapitre-4-engagement-civique\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapitre 4 : Engagement civique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-vimeo\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:350px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:58.33%;\" ><iframe title=\"Vimeo video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/506645120?autoplay=0&amp;autopause=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chapitre IV : Engagement civique<\/span><\/h2><\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-2\" style=\"--awb-columns:2;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chapitre IV de \u00ab Gus et Julia Bowe, en souvenir \u00bb<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>R\u00e9cit de William J. Bowe, tir\u00e9 de l&rsquo;entretien qu&rsquo;il a eu avec son cousin Tony Bowe le 29 janvier 2021.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 120px;\"><u>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/u><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"#toc_religious\">Opinions religieuses et engagement<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#toc_civic\">Engagement citoyen<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><u>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/u><\/h2>\n<p>Ce chapitre se penche sur la foi et la vie civique des familles Bowe, depuis leur \u00e9ducation catholique et le long mandat de Gus \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence du Conseil des citoyens de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Loyola, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019engagement soutenu de la famille, pendant des d\u00e9cennies, dans les efforts visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les relations raciales \u00e0 Chicago \u2014 un travail qui a conduit le maire Edward Kelly, puis le maire Richard J. Daley, \u00e0 nommer Gus \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la commission municipale sur les relations raciales.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><u>Le r\u00e9cit<\/u><\/h2>\n<p><a name=\"toc_religious\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-video fusion-vimeo gj-clip\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;\" id=\"clip-506536433\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"Vimeo video player 2\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/506536433?autoplay=0&amp;autopause=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 gj-caption\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:.85em;font-style:italic;\">Opinions religieuses et engagement<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-2\" style=\"--awb-columns:2;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><h3><u>Opinions religieuses et engagement<\/u><\/h3>\n<p>Je ne saurais dire avec certitude \u00e0 quel point Gus et Julia \u00e9taient religieux au sens profond du terme, d\u2019une mani\u00e8re que les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations suivantes ne pourraient pas pleinement comprendre. Les vocations \u00e9taient courantes dans les familles catholiques irlandaises de cette \u00e9poque, tant chez les gar\u00e7ons que chez les filles, et il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas rare qu\u2019elles m\u00e8nent \u00e0 la pr\u00eatrise ou \u00e0 la vie monastique. Ma m\u00e8re avait des parentes dans des couvents qu\u2019elle avait connues en grandissant \u00e0 Baltimore. Gus, Julia et mes propres parents \u00e9taient des catholiques pratiquants. Il leur arrivait souvent d\u2019inviter un pr\u00eatre \u00e0 d\u00eener, souvent un missionnaire de Maryknoll de retour d\u2019une mission \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, en Chine ou en Am\u00e9rique du Sud, impatient d\u2019en parler. Je dirais qu\u2019ils \u00e9taient des croyants. Gus a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident du Conseil des citoyens de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Loyola pendant environ une quinzaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Je me souviens lui avoir pos\u00e9 une fois des questions sur sa formation j\u00e9suite \u00e0 Saint-Ignace, et il m\u2019a r\u00e9pondu, avec un sourire, quelque chose comme : \u00ab Les j\u00e9suites, ils sont plut\u00f4t malins. Ils ont compris que j\u2019\u00e9tais un bon candidat \u00e0 la pr\u00eatrise. Ils ont tent\u00e9 le coup, mais je leur ai \u00e9chapp\u00e9. \u00bb<br \/>\n<a name=\"toc_civic\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-video fusion-vimeo gj-clip\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-align-self:center;--awb-width:100%;\" id=\"clip-506539627\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe title=\"Vimeo video player 3\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/506539627?autoplay=0&amp;autopause=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4 gj-caption\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:.85em;font-style:italic;\">Le travail d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des relations raciales sous trois maires de Chicago<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-2\" style=\"--awb-columns:2;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><h3><u>Engagement civique<\/u><\/h3>\n<p>Les deux familles Bowe, Gus et Julia, mon p\u00e8re et ma m\u00e8re, se sont toutes deux engag\u00e9es d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1930 dans des actions visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les relations interraciales et le sort de la population noire de la ville. Je pense que cela d\u00e9coulait au moins en partie de l\u2019\u00e9ducation morale ancr\u00e9e dans leur \u00e9ducation catholique, et en partie \u00e9galement de leur propre exp\u00e9rience en tant qu\u2019Irlandais, alors que ce parcours n\u2019\u00e9tait pas toujours facile aux \u00c9tats-Unis non plus. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, les cabinets d\u2019avocats avaient tendance \u00e0 se diviser selon des crit\u00e8res ethniques : des cabinets juifs, des cabinets catholiques et, auparavant, des cabinets majoritairement compos\u00e9s de protestants blancs. Ils avaient eux-m\u00eames \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 ce genre d\u2019exclusion. Ce qui les distinguait de beaucoup d\u2019autres qui auraient pu partager ces instincts, c\u2019est qu\u2019ils ont r\u00e9ellement agi en cons\u00e9quence. Gus et mon p\u00e8re ont tous deux \u00e9t\u00e9 actifs d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1930 au sein de la Conf\u00e9rence nationale des chr\u00e9tiens et des juifs. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, le logement \u00e9tait totalement s\u00e9gr\u00e9gu\u00e9, ce qui \u00e9tait impos\u00e9 par des clauses restrictives figurant dans les actes de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 immobili\u00e8re que la Cour supr\u00eame n\u2019a invalid\u00e9es qu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1940, et la discrimination \u00e0 l\u2019emploi \u00e9tait encore pire. Dans leur pratique du droit, ils \u00e9taient proches des travailleurs et des difficult\u00e9s auxquelles ceux-ci \u00e9taient confront\u00e9s.       <\/p>\n<p>Les relations raciales avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9es par la violence \u00e0 Chicago apr\u00e8s la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, avec de terribles \u00e9meutes en 1919, et pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, une grave \u00e9meute \u00e9clata \u00e0 D\u00e9troit en 1943. Le maire de Chicago, Edward Kelly, craignant que la ville ne connaisse le m\u00eame genre de troubles, mit en place une commission municipale sur les relations raciales \u2013 une initiative avant-gardiste de sa part \u2013 et demanda \u00e0 Gus de la diriger. Gus, d\u00e9j\u00e0 connu pour son travail ant\u00e9rieur dans ce domaine, accepta. Lorsque Martin Kennelly succ\u00e9da \u00e0 Kelly en 1947, Gus poursuivit son travail sous son autorit\u00e9. Gus m\u2019a racont\u00e9 qu\u2019il \u00e9tait all\u00e9 voir Richard J. Daley, apr\u00e8s que celui-ci eut battu Kennelly lors de la primaire d\u00e9mocrate de 1955, pour lui pr\u00e9senter sa d\u00e9mission, puisqu\u2019il avait soutenu Kennelly. Daley ne voulut rien savoir ; ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas une raison pour d\u00e9missionner. Sous l\u2019\u00e9gide de Daley, la commission, qui devint par la suite la Commission des relations humaines, se dota pour la premi\u00e8re fois d\u2019un personnel r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9, d\u2019un directeur ex\u00e9cutif et d\u2019un conseil d\u2019administration \u00e9largi, et Gus en resta le pr\u00e9sident tout au long des ann\u00e9es 1950, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 son \u00e9lection au poste de pr\u00e9sident de la Cour municipale en 1960. Il fut \u00e9galement l\u2019un des fondateurs du Conseil catholique interracial qui, sous la direction de John McDermott, \u0153uvra pour pousser l\u2019\u00c9glise elle-m\u00eame \u00e0 aller plus loin et plus vite en mati\u00e8re de droits civiques qu\u2019elle ne le faisait alors dans les ann\u00e9es 1950.       <\/p>\n<hr>\n<p class=\"gj-chapternav\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:.9em;\">\u2190 Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent : <a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2026\/09\/06\/chapter-three-a-passion-for-the-arts\/\">Chapitre trois<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2021\/01\/31\/2021-gus-julia-bowe-tony-bowe-interviewe-bill-bowe\/\"> Les huit chapitres et l&rsquo;enregistrement vid\u00e9o<\/a> \u00b7  Suivant : <a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2026\/09\/06\/chapitre-5-gus-est-elu-president-de-la-cour-de-cassation\/\">Chapitre cinq<\/a> \u2192<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1198],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entretiens-avec-gus-et-julia-bowe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chapitre 4 : Engagement civique - William J. 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