{"id":33148,"date":"2025-07-29T15:53:46","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2025\/07\/29\/le-rapport-vance-2\/"},"modified":"2026-02-09T21:52:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T21:52:18","slug":"le-rapport-vance-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/07\/29\/le-rapport-vance-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Le rapport Vance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#105378;--button_border_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_gradient_top_color:#105378;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#105378;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2025\/07\/29\/directorate-of-civil-disturbance-planning-and-operations\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Suivant<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-double-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-1\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1114\" height=\"1513\" alt=\"1967 Rapport de Cyrus Vance concernant les \u00e9meutes de D\u00e9troit\" title=\"vance report\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/vance-report.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-32272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/vance-report-200x272.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/vance-report-400x543.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/vance-report-600x815.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/vance-report-800x1087.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/vance-report.jpg 1114w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1114px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><h2 class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">vance report<\/h2><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">1967 Rapport de Cyrus Vance concernant les \u00e9meutes de D\u00e9troit<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-2\" style=\"--awb-columns:2;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><p><div id=\"attachment_32260\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32260\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32259\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-300x208.jpg\" alt=\"1967 Troupes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales lors des \u00e9meutes de D\u00e9troit\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-200x139.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-400x277.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-600x416.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-800x554.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp-1024x709.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/detroit-1967-afp.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32260\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1967 Troupes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales lors des \u00e9meutes de D\u00e9troit<\/p><\/div>\n<span class=\"fusion-dropcap dropcap\">F<\/span>uite \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9meute de D\u00e9troit, l&rsquo;ancien secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e Cyrus Vance (alors assistant sp\u00e9cial du secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense concernant les \u00e9meutes de D\u00e9troit) a pr\u00e9par\u00e9 une \u00e9tude visant \u00e0 r\u00e9\u00e9valuer l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de pr\u00e9paration de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e \u00e0 ce nouveau r\u00f4le.<\/p>\n<p>Le <em>rapport Vance <\/em>avait conclu que le recours \u00e0 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e pour aider \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler les manifestations contre la guerre et les troubles raciaux n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas une mission isol\u00e9e et ponctuelle, et que ce besoin n&rsquo;allait pas dispara\u00eetre de sit\u00f4t.<\/p>\n<p>Un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 des le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es du rapport se lit comme suit :<\/p>\n<p><em>D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience de D\u00e9troit, o\u00f9 les \u00e9meutes et l&rsquo;anarchie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 intenses, il semble que les rumeurs soient omnipr\u00e9sentes et qu&rsquo;elles aient tendance \u00e0 s&rsquo;amplifier lorsque l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement s&rsquo;installe au moment de l&rsquo;\u00e9meute. Il convient donc d&rsquo;identifier rapidement et de maintenir des sources d&rsquo;information faisant autorit\u00e9. Les contacts formels r\u00e9guliers avec la presse doivent \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9s par des r\u00e9unions d&rsquo;information fr\u00e9quentes \u00e0 l&rsquo;intention des dirigeants de la communaut\u00e9. Pour pouvoir prendre des d\u00e9cisions judicieuses, en particulier dans les phases initiales des \u00e9meutes, il faut mettre en place une m\u00e9thode permettant d&rsquo;identifier le volume des activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es aux \u00e9meutes, les tendances de ces activit\u00e9s, les zones critiques et les \u00e9carts par rapport aux sch\u00e9mas normaux. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les troubles de D\u00e9troit ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un sch\u00e9ma typique (augmentation puis diminution de la violence), il est important de rassembler et d&rsquo;analyser les donn\u00e9es relatives aux sch\u00e9mas d&rsquo;activit\u00e9. Les facteurs de fatigue doivent \u00eatre analys\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re plus approfondie, et les qualifications et les performances de l&rsquo;ensemble de la Garde nationale de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e de terre et de l&rsquo;air doivent \u00eatre examin\u00e9es pour s&rsquo;assurer que les officiers sont qualifi\u00e9s (les troupes de la Garde nationale \u00e0 D\u00e9troit \u00e9taient inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 la norme en termes d&rsquo;apparence, de comportement et de discipline, du moins au d\u00e9but). La Garde nationale devrait recruter davantage de Noirs (la plupart des \u00e9meutiers de D\u00e9troit \u00e9taient noirs) et la coop\u00e9ration entre l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e, la police et le personnel de lutte contre les incendies doit \u00eatre renforc\u00e9e. Les instructions relatives aux r\u00e8gles d&rsquo;engagement et au degr\u00e9 de force pendant les troubles civils doivent \u00eatre clarifi\u00e9es et modifi\u00e9es afin d&rsquo;offrir plus de latitude et de flexibilit\u00e9. Il faut \u00e9clairer toutes les zones o\u00f9 se produisent des \u00e9meutes et envisager l&rsquo;utilisation de gaz lacrymog\u00e8nes. L&rsquo;accent est mis sur la coordination au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral pour g\u00e9rer les \u00e9meutes. Les annexes comprennent une chronologie des principales \u00e9meutes, des m\u00e9mos, un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 des incidents de la police de D\u00e9troit, des cartes de la police de D\u00e9troit et d&rsquo;autres documents connexes.          <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Le rapport de M. Vance a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 1968, juste avant que les \u00e9meutes raciales n&rsquo;explosent dans les quartiers noirs de 130 villes apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;assassinat du Dr Martin Luther King Jr. le 4 avril. De nombreux \u00c9tats ont appel\u00e9 leurs troupes de la garde nationale pour se joindre \u00e0 la police afin de ma\u00eetriser les \u00e9meutes et les pillages. Simultan\u00e9ment, les troupes de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re devaient \u00eatre achemin\u00e9es par avion ou par camion \u00e0 Baltimore, Washington, D.C. et Chicago \u00e0 partir de diverses bases de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e. Dans tous les cas, ils ont d\u00fb soutenir des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la police et de la garde nationale d\u00e9bord\u00e9es. En pleine guerre du Vi\u00eat Nam, ce n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas une mission pour laquelle l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e \u00e9tait structur\u00e9e ou pr\u00e9par\u00e9e. Deux mois plus tard, le sentiment de chaos qui r\u00e9gnait dans le pays s&rsquo;est encore accru lorsque le candidat \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence Robert Kennedy a \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9 \u00e0 Los Angeles. <\/p>\n<p>Je connaissais bien ce nouveau probl\u00e8me pour l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e, car juste avant de m&rsquo;engager, j&rsquo;avais regard\u00e9 le quartier ouest de Chicago s&#8217;embraser depuis la fen\u00eatre de mon bureau dans le Loop, et plus tard, j&rsquo;avais \u00e9t\u00e9 le t\u00e9moin direct de certaines \u00e9meutes avec mon fr\u00e8re Dick, qui travaillait pour la Commission des relations humaines de la ville. J&rsquo;ai \u00e9galement suivi des proc\u00e9dures de lib\u00e9ration sous caution et d&rsquo;autres proc\u00e9dures judiciaires impliquant des \u00e9meutiers dans le b\u00e2timent des tribunaux p\u00e9naux situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;angle de la 26e rue et de l&rsquo;avenue de Californie. <\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, les troupes de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re bivouaquaient pr\u00e8s du mus\u00e9e des sciences et de l&rsquo;industrie, dans le parc Jackson de Chicago. Le mois suivant, j&rsquo;\u00e9tais dans l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e, et six mois plus tard, j&rsquo;\u00e9tais \u00e0 nouveau engag\u00e9 dans les troubles civils. <\/p>\n<p>Au cours de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 1968, Chicago est rest\u00e9e en \u00e9bullition. Bien que les troupes de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re aient quitt\u00e9 la ville et regagn\u00e9 leurs casernes, les violentes manifestations anti-guerre continuent de faire des ravages dans la ville. Des groupes de manifestants d\u00e9cha\u00een\u00e9s avant la convention nationale d\u00e9mocrate du mois d&rsquo;ao\u00fbt ont fait sortir la police de Chicago en force ainsi que la Garde nationale de l&rsquo;Illinois.  <\/p>\n<p>Mon fr\u00e8re Dick est rest\u00e9 au milieu de cette activit\u00e9. Son <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1968-09-05-RPT-Richard-Bowe-Human-Relations-Report-on-Lincoln-and-Grant-Park-Demonstrations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapport au directeur de la Commission des relations humaines de Chicago<\/a><\/strong> fournit un compte rendu d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des manifestations anti-guerre et des violences dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin entre le 24 et le 28 ao\u00fbt 1968. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32309\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32309\" class=\"wp-image-32308 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"3\/27\/77RGB ABO'Hare International AirportChicagoIL Dick Bowe et son fils, Anson, voyant Bill Bowe partir pour l'Arabie Saoudite, Chicago, IL 1977\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/z1977030170-2-1200x1200.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32309\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1977 Richard Gwinn Bowe<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Le rapport donne une vue d&rsquo;ensemble des troubles qui ont eu lieu dans les parcs Lincoln et Grant. L&rsquo;affrontement final entre les manifestants, la police et la Garde nationale devant l&rsquo;h\u00f4tel Hilton s&rsquo;est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 pendant les travaux de la convention d\u00e9mocrate et a servi de toile de fond violente \u00e0 la nomination d&rsquo;Hubert Humphrey comme candidat contre le pr\u00e9sident Richard Nixon \u00e0 l&rsquo;automne. <\/p>\n<p>En 1964, des \u00e9meutes raciales ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 \u00e0 Harlem et \u00e0 Philadelphie. En 1965, le quartier de Watts \u00e0 Los Angeles a connu une \u00e9meute raciale majeure. L&rsquo;ann\u00e9e suivante, des \u00e9meutes ont \u00e9clat\u00e9 \u00e0 Chicago, Cleveland et San Francisco. Puis, au cours du \u00ab\u00a0Long Hot Summer\u00a0\u00bb de 1967, 163 villes au total se sont enflamm\u00e9es, dont Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Detroit, Milwaukee, Newark, New York et Portland. Apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;assassinat du Dr Martin Luther King en 1968, le pr\u00e9sident Johnson a envoy\u00e9 des troupes de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re \u00e0 Baltimore, Washington et Chicago pour compl\u00e9ter les effectifs de la police et de la garde nationale, d\u00e9bord\u00e9s.    <\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la suite de ces d\u00e9ploiements de troupes, le pr\u00e9sident Johnson a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la Commission nationale sur les causes et la pr\u00e9vention de la violence.<\/p>\n<p>Compte tenu des violences t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle nationale qui se sont produites directement dans le domaine politique plus tard dans l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e lors de la convention d\u00e9mocrate, la Commission a confi\u00e9 \u00e0 Daniel Walker, futur gouverneur de l&rsquo;Illinois, la t\u00e2che d&rsquo;entreprendre une \u00e9tude sur les violences qui ont entour\u00e9 la convention.<\/p>\n<p><em>Le rapport Walker<\/em> \u00e9tait officiellement intitul\u00e9 <em>Rights in Conflict : The Violent Confrontation of Demonstrators and Police in the Parks and Streets of Chicago During the Week of the Democratic National Convention of 1968<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Elle a constat\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il y avait eu une \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9meute polici\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb en plus des violences commises par plus de 10 000 manifestants anti-guerre.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32306\" style=\"width: 742px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32306\" class=\"wp-image-32305 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a2023082222-1.jpg\" alt=\"25\/08\/1968 RGB  \" width=\"732\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a2023082222-1-200x143.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a2023082222-1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a2023082222-1-400x286.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a2023082222-1-600x429.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/a2023082222-1.jpg 732w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 732px) 100vw, 732px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32306\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Bowe avec une pipe pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;une corbeille \u00e0 papier<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Dans <em>The Walker Report<\/em>, vous trouverez une photo prise par un photographe de <em>Time<\/em> <em>Magazine<\/em> de mon fr\u00e8re, Dick, sur le point d&rsquo;enlever une corbeille en feu qui bloque la circulation au milieu de La Salle Drive, \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 sud de Lincoln Park.<\/p>\n<p>Sans l&rsquo;omnipr\u00e9sente pipe de Dick sortant de sa bouche, je ne l&rsquo;aurais peut-\u00eatre pas reconnu ou pris pour l&rsquo;un des manifestants, plut\u00f4t que pour un observateur de la Commission des relations humaines de Chicago.<\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-custom fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#105378;--button_border_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_gradient_top_color:#105378;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#105378;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2025\/07\/29\/directorate-of-civil-disturbance-planning-and-operations\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Suivant<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-double-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32272,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1154,1150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1-emeutes-et-fusees-army-days","category-riots-and-rockets-menu-principal-navigation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le rapport Vance - William J. 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