{"id":33147,"date":"2025-07-29T15:35:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2025\/07\/29\/la-guerre-du-viet-nam-sintensifie\/"},"modified":"2026-02-09T21:52:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T21:52:11","slug":"la-guerre-du-viet-nam-sintensifie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/07\/29\/la-guerre-du-viet-nam-sintensifie\/","title":{"rendered":"La guerre du Vi\u00eat Nam s’intensifie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Suivant<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>
<\/span>

1968 Troupes de l'arm\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re dans le parc Jackson, \u00e0 Chicago, lors des \u00e9meutes qui ont suivi l'assassinat du Dr Martin Luther King, Jr.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\"1969

Affiche des journ\u00e9es de rage du SDS en 1969<\/p><\/div>\nA<\/span>orsque je suis entr\u00e9 \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’automne 1960, je n’\u00e9tais pas assez pr\u00e9voyant pour savoir que, comme mon p\u00e8re et mon fr\u00e8re, j’entrerais moi aussi dans l’arm\u00e9e. Si la guerre du Vi\u00eat Nam s’est termin\u00e9e avec fracas par la chute de Saigon en avril 1975, elle avait commenc\u00e9 par un g\u00e9missement au printemps 1961, alors que je terminais ma premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e \u00e0 Yale. C’est \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que le pr\u00e9sident John Kennedy a ordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 400 soldats de l’arm\u00e9e des B\u00e9rets verts de se rendre au Sud-Vietnam en tant que \u00ab\u00a0conseillers\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Puis, en ao\u00fbt 1964, apr\u00e8s l’obtention de mon dipl\u00f4me \u00e0 Yale, mais avant que je ne commence mes \u00e9tudes de droit \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 de Chicago, le Congr\u00e8s a adopt\u00e9 la r\u00e9solution sur le golfe du Tonkin.<\/p>\n

\"Attaque

1964 Le pr\u00e9sident Johnson ordonne des raids apr\u00e8s l’attaque du golfe du Tonkin (NY Times)<\/p><\/div>\n

Cela s’est produit \u00e0 la suite d’une attaque apparente sur l’USS Maddox au large du Vietnam. Elle autorisait le pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0prendre toutes les mesures n\u00e9cessaires, y compris l’usage de la force arm\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb contre tout agresseur dans le conflit du Vietnam. Peu apr\u00e8s, en f\u00e9vrier 1965, le pr\u00e9sident Lyndon Johnson a ordonn\u00e9 le bombardement du Nord-Vietnam, et les \u00c9tats-Unis sont entr\u00e9s dans la guerre pour de bon. Je n’\u00e9tais qu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de ma premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e de droit. <\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la structure d’appel pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins militaires du pays avait \u00e9t\u00e9 laiss\u00e9e en place. Elle \u00e9tait donc pr\u00eate \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e \u00e0 mon \u00e9poque, lorsque les volontaires ne r\u00e9pondaient plus aux besoins des services. En effet, la conscription a \u00e9t\u00e9 de plus en plus utilis\u00e9e au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les \u00c9tats-Unis s’engageaient au Vi\u00eat Nam. Mais pendant les ann\u00e9es de la guerre du Vi\u00eat Nam, entre 1964 et 1973, l’arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine n’a enr\u00f4l\u00e9 que 2,2 millions d’hommes sur un total de 27 millions. Comme moins de 10 % des personnes \u00e9ligibles \u00e0 l’appel sous les drapeaux \u00e9taient appel\u00e9es, et que le m\u00e9canisme de tirage au sort pour les s\u00e9lectionner n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place qu’en 1969, la question de savoir qui \u00e9tait appel\u00e9 sous les drapeaux \u00e9tait laiss\u00e9e aux commissions locales d’appel sous les drapeaux et \u00e0 leur utilisation d’un syst\u00e8me \u00e9labor\u00e9 de cat\u00e9gories d’exclusion de l’appel sous les drapeaux. <\/p>\n

Le fait de faire des \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque \u00e9liminait automatiquement le risque que je sois enr\u00f4l\u00e9 involontairement dans l’arm\u00e9e avant d’obtenir mon dipl\u00f4me. Apr\u00e8s le dipl\u00f4me, je serais c\u00e9libataire et j’aurais seulement 25 ans.<\/p>\n

\"M\u00e9morial

M\u00e9morial de la guerre du Vietnam, Washington, DC (Mark Segal)<\/p><\/div>\n

Si je ne me mariais pas et n’avais pas d’enfants avant d’atteindre l’\u00e2ge de 26 ans, il y avait une r\u00e9elle possibilit\u00e9 que je sois appel\u00e9 sous les drapeaux. Que faire ? \u00c0 l’\u00e9poque, je n’avais aucune envie de me marier et je souhaitais tout autant ne pas \u00eatre tu\u00e9 pendant la guerre du Vi\u00eat Nam. Cette crainte n’\u00e9tait pas totalement irrationnelle, puisque le M\u00e9morial des v\u00e9t\u00e9rans du Vi\u00eat Nam, \u00e0 Washington, D.C., recense plus de 58 300 noms de personnes tu\u00e9es ou disparues au combat. M\u00eame si mes chances personnelles d’\u00eatre abattu \u00e9taient faibles, la menace pesait lourd dans mon esprit. Le risque d’attraper une balle perdue dans un endroit inhospitalier, loin de chez moi, ne figurait tout simplement pas sur la liste des choses \u00e0 faire de mon jeune \u00e2ge.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

La conscription, la guerre et la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration du Vi\u00eat Nam<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Statistiques tir\u00e9es de Chance and Circumstance <\/em>par Lawrence M. Baskir et William A. Sullivan, membres du Presidential Clemency Board de Gerald Ford (Random House, New York 1978).<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>
\"10\/15\/2022<\/span><\/div>
Suivant<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>
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