{"id":32939,"date":"2025-08-02T03:05:48","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T03:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/"},"modified":"2026-02-09T19:02:23","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T19:02:23","slug":"la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/","title":{"rendered":"La faillite d&rsquo;UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element awb-imageframe-style awb-imageframe-style-below awb-imageframe-style-1\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1455\" height=\"1410\" alt=\"Nogales et Ruhe 1985\" title=\"Nogales and Ruhe 1985\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nogales-and-Ruhe-1985.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nogales-and-Ruhe-1985-200x194.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nogales-and-Ruhe-1985-400x388.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nogales-and-Ruhe-1985-600x581.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nogales-and-Ruhe-1985-800x775.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nogales-and-Ruhe-1985-1200x1163.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nogales-and-Ruhe-1985.jpg 1455w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 1455px\" \/><\/span><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-container\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"awb-imageframe-caption\"><h2 class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-title\">Nogales and Ruhe 1985<\/h2><p class=\"awb-imageframe-caption-text\">Luis Nogales et Douglas Ruhe<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#105378;--button_border_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_gradient_top_color:#105378;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#105378;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/07\/chapitre-5-inventer-le-futur-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Chapitre suivant<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-double-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-2\" style=\"--awb-columns:2;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><p><span class=\"fusion-dropcap dropcap\">I<\/span>l n&rsquo;a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s clair lorsque je disais aux gens que, suite \u00e0 mes conseils juridiques, UPI avait fait faillite. C&rsquo;est pourtant ce qui s&rsquo;est produit dans peu de temps. Kenny et d&rsquo;autres cadres sup\u00e9rieurs d&rsquo;UPI ont suivi le d\u00e9part abrupt de Nogales et ont d\u00e9missionn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_27186\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27186\" class=\"wp-image-27185 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg\" alt=\"Joe Russo, Mario Vazquez Rana et Luis Nogales\" width=\"300\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-200x168.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-400x336.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-600x504.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-768x645.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-800x672.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-1024x860.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985.jpg 1150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-27186\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1985 Luis Nogales, PDG, annon\u00e7ant le rachat d&rsquo;UPI par Mario Vazquez Rana et Joe Russo<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Comme pr\u00e9vu, apr\u00e8s avoir fr\u00f4l\u00e9 la catastrophe, les ch\u00e8ques de salaire du monde entier ont finalement commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 rebondir. Les correspondants d&rsquo;Asie et d&rsquo;Europe ont inond\u00e9 le fil interne d&rsquo;UPI de questions sur la mani\u00e8re dont ils allaient rentrer chez eux aux \u00c9tats-Unis si l&rsquo;entreprise n&rsquo;avait plus les moyens de leur payer leur billet de retour. Certains bureaux d&rsquo;UPI ont organis\u00e9 des f\u00eates pour louer leurs locaux. \u00c0 la fin du mois de mars 1985, la poussi\u00e8re \u00e9tait suffisamment retomb\u00e9e pour que le magazine <em>Time <\/em>rende compte des derniers d\u00e9veloppements de la mani\u00e8re suivante :  <\/p>\n<p><em>Depuis que Douglas Ruhe et William Geissler, deux investisseurs de Nashville, ont rachet\u00e9 United Press International \u00e0 E.W. Scripps pour un dollar, il y a pr\u00e8s de trois ans, ils ont r\u00e9duit les co\u00fbts, le personnel et les salaires de 25 %. Pendant un temps, le m\u00e9dicament a sembl\u00e9 fonctionner. Lorsque U.P.I. a annonc\u00e9 un b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de 1,1 million de dollars au quatri\u00e8me trimestre de 1984, son premier gain en 23 ans, les propri\u00e9taires ont pr\u00e9dit des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de 6 millions de dollars en 1985. Ce point de vue \u00e9tait trop optimiste. La semaine derni\u00e8re, alors que les ch\u00e8ques de paie \u00e9taient en souffrance et que les pertes s&rsquo;accumulaient, Ruhe et Geissler ont accept\u00e9 de se retirer dans le cadre d&rsquo;un accord visant \u00e0 sauver l&rsquo;entreprise. Dans le cadre du nouveau plan, ils conserveraient environ 15 % des actions mais renonceraient \u00e0 tout contr\u00f4le sur le service d&rsquo;information. Le pr\u00e9sident d&rsquo;U.P.I., Luis Nogales, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9 par Ruhe quatre jours seulement avant l&rsquo;accord, reprendra la direction de l&rsquo;entreprise. Les conditions pr\u00e9voient \u00e9galement que les cr\u00e9anciers commerciaux de l&rsquo;U.P.I. renoncent \u00e0 la majeure partie de sa dette de 23 millions de dollars en \u00e9change d&rsquo;une participation de 30 \u00e0 40 % dans l&rsquo;entreprise ; la plupart des actions restantes seront r\u00e9parties entre les membres du personnel. Les cr\u00e9anciers, cependant, pourraient ne pas accepter l&rsquo;accord. Et m\u00eame s&rsquo;ils y parviennent, d&rsquo;autres mesures de r\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts seront n\u00e9cessaires si U.P.I. veut survivre dans l&rsquo;ombre grandissante de l&rsquo;Associated Press.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>J&rsquo;avais mes propres pr\u00e9occupations. Cinq ans auparavant, notre fils Andy \u00e9tait n\u00e9 pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment et ses factures m\u00e9dicales avaient d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 100 000 dollars. Heureusement, la majeure partie de ce montant avait \u00e9t\u00e9 couverte normalement par la police d&rsquo;assurance maladie de mon employeur. Cathy \u00e9tait \u00e0 nouveau enceinte, et risquait \u00e0 nouveau d&rsquo;accoucher pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment. Comme pr\u00e9vu, notre deuxi\u00e8me fils, Patrick, est n\u00e9 pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment \u00e0 la mi-avril 1985 et, \u00e0 la fin du mois, UPI a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une demande de mise en faillite aupr\u00e8s du tribunal f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de district de Washington, D.C. Avec Pat dans l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de soins n\u00e9onatals intensifs du Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Cathy et moi avons de nouveau vu d&rsquo;\u00e9normes d\u00e9penses m\u00e9dicales s&rsquo;accumuler chaque jour.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque j&rsquo;ai appris qu&rsquo;UPI avait cess\u00e9 de payer ses primes d&rsquo;assurance maladie et que la compagnie d&rsquo;assurance avait annul\u00e9 sa couverture, ce fut un coup dur. J&rsquo;avais pens\u00e9 pendant un certain temps que l&rsquo;entreprise pourrait faire faillite, mais je n&rsquo;avais jamais pens\u00e9 qu&rsquo;elle pourrait m&rsquo;entra\u00eener avec elle. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26007\" style=\"width: 219px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26007\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26006\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Austin-TX-Rent-Party-Flyer-after-Bankruptcy-1985-209x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"209\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Austin-TX-Rent-Party-Flyer-after-Bankruptcy-1985-200x287.gif 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Austin-TX-Rent-Party-Flyer-after-Bankruptcy-1985-209x300.gif 209w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Austin-TX-Rent-Party-Flyer-after-Bankruptcy-1985-400x574.gif 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-26007\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">UPI Austin Bureau Rent Party<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Nous n&rsquo;\u00e9tions pas les seuls \u00e0 \u00eatre potentiellement priv\u00e9s d&rsquo;un filet de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Parmi les centaines d&#8217;employ\u00e9s d&rsquo;UPI pris de court par le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de bilan, certains suivaient des traitements de radioth\u00e9rapie contre le cancer et d&rsquo;autres devaient subir des interventions chirurgicales. Les cr\u00e9anciers commerciaux de l&rsquo;entreprise ont vraiment pris un bain. Heureusement, toute l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 perdue dans cette d\u00e9b\u00e2cle commerciale. Le juge am\u00e9ricain des faillites, George Bason, est intervenu plus tard aupr\u00e8s des cr\u00e9anciers et des fonds suffisants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9 pour que l&rsquo;assurance maladie de tous les employ\u00e9s soit r\u00e9tablie r\u00e9troactivement.    Que Dieu les b\u00e9nisse !<\/p>\n<p>La proc\u00e9dure de faillite s&rsquo;est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e au tribunal f\u00e9d\u00e9ral E. Barrett Prettyman \u00e0 Washington, D.C., o\u00f9 l&rsquo;ancien pr\u00e9sident Donald J. Trump, 38 ans plus tard, a plaid\u00e9 innocent des accusations li\u00e9es \u00e0 son r\u00f4le pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;attentat du 6 janvier 2021 contre le Capitole des \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26001\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26001\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26000\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-300x179.jpg\" alt=\"Prettyman Federal Courthouse, Washington, DC\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-200x120.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-400x239.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-600x359.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-768x459.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-800x478.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-1024x612.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC-1200x717.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Prettyman-Courthouse-4-DC.jpg 1879w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-26001\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prettyman Federal Courthouse, Washington, DC<\/p><\/div>\n<p>J&rsquo;ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre l&rsquo;avion tous les lundis de Nashville au palais de justice et aux nouveaux bureaux d&rsquo;UPI \u00e0 l&rsquo;angle de la 14e rue et de la rue U, NW. Le samedi et le dimanche \u00e9taient des week-ends familiaux bienvenus \u00e0 Brentwood, malgr\u00e9 le fait que, pendant de nombreuses semaines, une grande partie de ce temps serait pass\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de soins intensifs n\u00e9onatals de Pat. <\/p>\n<p>Ces d\u00e9placements se sont poursuivis pendant l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9, tandis que le tribunal des faillites examinait les nombreuses transactions douteuses de Ruhe et Geissler. En septembre, un propri\u00e9taire de journal mexicain, Mario Vazquez Rana, accompagn\u00e9 d&rsquo;un associ\u00e9 texan, Joe Russo, s&rsquo;est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 pour racheter UPI et la sortir de la faillite. <\/p>\n<p>En novembre 1985, <em>Time Magazine<\/em> m&rsquo;a cit\u00e9 \u00e0 propos de la vente d&rsquo;UPI et de l&rsquo;avenir d&rsquo;UPI :<\/p>\n<p><em>William J. Bowe, vice-pr\u00e9sident d&rsquo;UPI, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab\u00a0L&rsquo;agence de presse sera recapitalis\u00e9e et pourra redevenir dynamique et comp\u00e9titive\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Je ne pense pas avoir fait un pronostic aussi mauvais depuis mai 1970, lorsque j&rsquo;ai dit \u00e0 l&rsquo;assistant militaire du sous-secr\u00e9taire d&rsquo;\u00c9tat \u00e0 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e que les manifestations d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants apr\u00e8s la fusillade de Kent State seraient relativement br\u00e8ves. Il s&rsquo;est av\u00e9r\u00e9 que, peu de temps apr\u00e8s, UPI a fait un aller-retour par le tribunal des faillites. <\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_25998\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25998\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25997\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Mario-Vasques-Rana-and-Joe-Russo-1986-copy-300x242.jpg\" alt=\"UPI - Mario Vasques Rana et Joe Russo 1986  \" width=\"300\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Mario-Vasques-Rana-and-Joe-Russo-1986-copy-200x161.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Mario-Vasques-Rana-and-Joe-Russo-1986-copy-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Mario-Vasques-Rana-and-Joe-Russo-1986-copy-400x323.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/UPI-Mario-Vasques-Rana-and-Joe-Russo-1986-copy.jpg 408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-25998\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1986 Mario Vasques Rana et Joe Russo<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Alors que la r\u00e9organisation d&rsquo;UPI venait de s&rsquo;achever avec succ\u00e8s, j&rsquo;ai re\u00e7u un appel inattendu d&rsquo;un chasseur de t\u00eates de Chicago qui recherchait un avocat ayant une exp\u00e9rience dans l&rsquo;\u00e9dition pour diriger le service juridique de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica \u00e0 Chicago.<\/p>\n<p>J&rsquo;ai poursuivi le travail pour la grande opportunit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il repr\u00e9sentait et j&rsquo;ai fini par \u00eatre choisi pour le poste d&rsquo;avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. J&rsquo;ai appris plus tard que, pendant de nombreux mois, plus de 20 autres candidats avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 envisag\u00e9s pour le poste avant que le pr\u00e9sident de longue date de Britannica n&rsquo;arr\u00eate son choix sur moi. Au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 1986, j&rsquo;ai pris l&rsquo;avion de Nashville \u00e0 Chicago pendant la semaine au lieu de Washington, D.C. Jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce que ma famille me rejoigne, j&rsquo;ai v\u00e9cu dans un appartement d&rsquo;une chambre non loin des bureaux de Britannica, pr\u00e8s de l&rsquo;Art Institute of Chicago.  Au printemps, nous avons achet\u00e9 une maison \u00e0 Northbrook, une banlieue au nord de Chicago. Elle \u00e9tait bien situ\u00e9e pour profiter de la scolarisation des enfants \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9ciaux qu&rsquo;Andy \u00e9tait sur le point d&rsquo;entreprendre et dont le fils Pat n&rsquo;a jamais eu besoin.<\/p>\n<p>Une fois la famille install\u00e9e, j&rsquo;\u00e9tais pr\u00eat \u00e0 me lancer dans un d\u00e9fi bien plus grand : celui de devenir le conseiller juridique de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica.<\/p>\n<\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-custom fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--button_accent_color:#ffffff;--button_accent_hover_color:#105378;--button_border_hover_color:#ffffff;--button_gradient_top_color:#105378;--button_gradient_bottom_color:#105378;--button_gradient_top_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.55);\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/07\/chapitre-5-inventer-le-futur-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Chapitre suivant<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-double-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1163,1150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4-emeutes-et-fusees-avant-le-deluge-upi","category-riots-and-rockets-menu-principal-navigation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La faillite d&#039;UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc - William J. Bowe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La faillite d&#039;UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc - William J. Bowe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"William J. Bowe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-02T03:05:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-09T19:02:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bill Bowe\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bill Bowe\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bill Bowe\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/974b7de926ee817bd301f4118c5cbcd5\"},\"headline\":\"La faillite d&rsquo;UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-02T03:05:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-09T19:02:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3277,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"4 \u00c9meutes et fus\u00e9es - Avant le d\u00e9luge UPI\",\"Riots and Rockets Menu principal Navigation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"La faillite d'UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc - William J. Bowe\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-02T03:05:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-09T19:02:23+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/974b7de926ee817bd301f4118c5cbcd5\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/02\\\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"La faillite d&rsquo;UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"William J. Bowe\",\"description\":\"William J. Bowe\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/974b7de926ee817bd301f4118c5cbcd5\",\"name\":\"Bill Bowe\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fb17d02aa5d7000b95f934027a525a252e51ec4235373c4fb216f5a3e20d5545?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fb17d02aa5d7000b95f934027a525a252e51ec4235373c4fb216f5a3e20d5545?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/fb17d02aa5d7000b95f934027a525a252e51ec4235373c4fb216f5a3e20d5545?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Bill Bowe\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/wbowe\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"La faillite d'UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc - William J. Bowe","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"La faillite d'UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc - William J. Bowe","og_url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/","og_site_name":"William J. Bowe","article_published_time":"2025-08-02T03:05:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-09T19:02:23+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Bill Bowe","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Bill Bowe","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"16 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/"},"author":{"name":"Bill Bowe","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/#\/schema\/person\/974b7de926ee817bd301f4118c5cbcd5"},"headline":"La faillite d&rsquo;UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc","datePublished":"2025-08-02T03:05:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-09T19:02:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/"},"wordCount":3277,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg","articleSection":["4 \u00c9meutes et fus\u00e9es - Avant le d\u00e9luge UPI","Riots and Rockets Menu principal Navigation"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/","url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/","name":"La faillite d'UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc - William J. Bowe","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg","datePublished":"2025-08-02T03:05:48+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-09T19:02:23+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/#\/schema\/person\/974b7de926ee817bd301f4118c5cbcd5"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Luis-Nogales-Mario-Vazquez-Rana-Joe-Russo-1985-300x252.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/08\/02\/la-faillite-dupi-se-deroule-avec-un-choc-2\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"La faillite d&rsquo;UPI se d\u00e9roule avec un choc"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/","name":"William J. Bowe","description":"William J. Bowe","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/#\/schema\/person\/974b7de926ee817bd301f4118c5cbcd5","name":"Bill Bowe","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb17d02aa5d7000b95f934027a525a252e51ec4235373c4fb216f5a3e20d5545?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb17d02aa5d7000b95f934027a525a252e51ec4235373c4fb216f5a3e20d5545?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fb17d02aa5d7000b95f934027a525a252e51ec4235373c4fb216f5a3e20d5545?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Bill Bowe"},"url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32939"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32939\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}