{"id":32159,"date":"2025-07-29T01:13:13","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T01:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2025\/07\/29\/preface-3\/"},"modified":"2026-02-09T21:51:55","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T21:51:55","slug":"preface-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2025\/07\/29\/preface-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9face"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:-100px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-margin-top-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:3%;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-left:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"916\" alt=\"Pochette de Riots &amp; Rockets\" title=\"Pochette de Riots &amp; Rockets\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Riots_and_Rockets_Cover.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-30188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Riots_and_Rockets_Cover-200x305.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Riots_and_Rockets_Cover-400x611.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Riots_and_Rockets_Cover.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-right:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat fusion-button-default-size button-custom fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:16px;--awb-padding-right:60px;--awb-padding-bottom:16px;--awb-padding-left:60px;--button_accent_color:var(--awb-color1);--button_border_color:var(--awb-color1);--button_accent_hover_color:var(--awb-color7);--button_border_hover_color:var(--awb-color7);--button_border_width-top:2px;--button_border_width-right:2px;--button_border_width-bottom:2px;--button_border_width-left:2px;--button_gradient_top_color:var(--awb-color6);--button_gradient_bottom_color:var(--awb-color6);--button_gradient_top_color_hover:var(--awb-color2);--button_gradient_bottom_color_hover:var(--awb-color2);--button_font_size:16px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B0CT4KH7HR\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default fusion-button-text-right\">Acheter le livre<\/span><span class=\"fusion-button-icon-divider button-icon-divider-right\"><i class=\"fa-amazon fab awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-2\" style=\"--awb-columns:2;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32155 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/C-_Users_wbowe_Pictures_2025_WJB-Britannica-Books-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"236\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/C-_Users_wbowe_Pictures_2025_WJB-Britannica-Books-2-66x66.jpg 66w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/C-_Users_wbowe_Pictures_2025_WJB-Britannica-Books-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/C-_Users_wbowe_Pictures_2025_WJB-Britannica-Books-2-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/C-_Users_wbowe_Pictures_2025_WJB-Britannica-Books-2.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><span class=\"fusion-dropcap dropcap\">T<\/span>Cette s\u00e9rie de souvenirs est n\u00e9e parce que, lorsque la pand\u00e9mie a frapp\u00e9 au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2020, j&rsquo;ai craint que mon irritabilit\u00e9 croissante pendant le confinement qui s&rsquo;ensuivrait ne soit un signe r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur de ma tendance \u00e0 devenir rapidement un bourlingueur. Pensant que ce serait injuste pour les chiens, sans parler de ma femme, Cathy, j&rsquo;ai d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que j&rsquo;avais besoin d&rsquo;un projet pour garder la t\u00eate froide.<\/p>\n<p>Avec l&rsquo;aide de vid\u00e9os sur YouTube et d&rsquo;un tuteur qui en savait plus que moi sur la cr\u00e9ation de sites web, j&rsquo;ai cr\u00e9\u00e9, en l&rsquo;espace d&rsquo;un an, un site web ax\u00e9 sur la g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie et rempli d&rsquo;arbres g\u00e9n\u00e9alogiques de mes proches. La fin du blocage de la pand\u00e9mie n&rsquo;\u00e9tant pas en vue, je me suis demand\u00e9 ce qu&rsquo;il fallait faire ensuite. C&rsquo;est alors que j&rsquo;ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir et \u00e0 \u00e9crire sur plusieurs des p\u00e9riodes \u00e9tranges que j&rsquo;avais v\u00e9cues depuis la fin de mes \u00e9tudes de droit en 1967.   Bien que les cinq histoires de ce recueil qui me sont venues \u00e0 l&rsquo;esprit soient tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes les unes des autres, elles tendent toutes \u00e0 refl\u00e9ter certains des grands facteurs historiques qui d\u00e9finissent leur \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, le pays a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9chir\u00e9 par des violences raciales \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, des manifestations anti-guerre de grande ampleur et l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence des germes de la violence r\u00e9volutionnaire. Le titre de ce livre, Riots &amp; Rockets, est tir\u00e9 de la premi\u00e8re histoire et provient de cette \u00e9poque. Le r\u00e9cit que je fais de cette p\u00e9riode d\u00e9coule de mon service dans l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine en tant qu&rsquo;agent de contre-espionnage au Pentagone. J&rsquo;\u00e9tais charg\u00e9 de fournir des estimations sur les violences susceptibles d&rsquo;entra\u00eener l&rsquo;engagement de troupes de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re dans un r\u00f4le de maintien de la paix \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du pays. Au-del\u00e0 de ce r\u00f4le, j&rsquo;ai \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9ment d&rsquo;analyser les lacunes potentielles en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du premier syst\u00e8me de missiles antibalistiques du pays.     Entre ces deux emplois, j&rsquo;ai \u00e9t\u00e9 aux premi\u00e8res loges de la pire p\u00e9riode de d\u00e9tresse civile et de violence que le pays ait connue depuis la guerre de S\u00e9cession, et j&rsquo;ai \u00e9galement eu l&rsquo;occasion d&rsquo;observer comment l&rsquo;espace a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9voluer vers un th\u00e9\u00e2tre de guerre distinct.<\/p>\n<p>Ensuite, j&rsquo;ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9crire sur la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 j&rsquo;ai travaill\u00e9 comme avocat pour Rod MacArthur, le fils du milliardaire John D. MacArthur. La succession du p\u00e8re MacArthur est all\u00e9e en grande partie \u00e0 la Fondation John D. et Catherine T. MacArthur et une partie de mon travail consistait \u00e0 conseiller sa prog\u00e9niture dans le cadre de son r\u00f4le de directeur de ce qui \u00e9tait \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque et est aujourd&rsquo;hui l&rsquo;une des plus grandes fondations du pays. Bien que de plus en plus frustr\u00e9 par ses coll\u00e8gues directeurs, le jeune MacArthur s&rsquo;est lanc\u00e9 dans la cr\u00e9ation du programme des boursiers de la Fondation, plus connu sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0bourses du g\u00e9nie\u00a0\u00bb. Peu apr\u00e8s mon d\u00e9part, MacArthur a franchi son Rubicon personnel et a intent\u00e9 un proc\u00e8s \u00e0 tous ses coll\u00e8gues directeurs pour mauvaise gestion et pour liquider la Fondation de son p\u00e8re. Ses poursuites et sa vie ont pris fin abruptement avec sa mort pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e.  <\/p>\n<p>Ayant particip\u00e9 activement \u00e0 la politique de la mairie de Chicago dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, j&rsquo;ai ensuite \u00e9crit sur ce sujet. Cette histoire couvre la mort de la l\u00e9gendaire machine politique de Richard J. Daley avec l&rsquo;\u00e9lection de la premi\u00e8re femme maire de la ville, Jane Byrne. Elle se termine par sa d\u00e9faite et l&rsquo;\u00e9lection de son successeur, le premier maire afro-am\u00e9ricain de la ville, Harold Washington.  <\/p>\n<p>La suite logique de mon r\u00e9cit est l&rsquo;\u00e9chec spectaculaire de l&rsquo;une des plus importantes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de m\u00e9dias du pays. Pendant la majeure partie du vingti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, United Press International a \u00e9t\u00e9 le principal concurrent de l&rsquo;agence de presse dominante Associated Press. Puis, dans les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 1980, UPI a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir ses revenus diminuer \u00e0 mesure que le nombre de ses clients journaux diminuait et que l&rsquo;argent de la publicit\u00e9 se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ait des journaux vers la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision. Cependant, la descente d&rsquo;UPI vers la faillite n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas seulement le r\u00e9sultat de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement technologique de grande ampleur. Sa chute a \u00e9t\u00e9 acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e par la vente malheureuse de l&rsquo;entreprise \u00e0 deux incomp\u00e9tents, des cr\u00e9tins imbus de leur personne qui ne connaissaient rien \u00e0 l&rsquo;entreprise. Si les start-ups de la Silicon Valley sont c\u00e9l\u00e8bres pour le syndrome \u00ab\u00a0fake it till you make it\u00a0\u00bb, ces deux-l\u00e0 pratiquaient le syndrome plus ancien \u00ab\u00a0fake it till you break it\u00a0\u00bb.     <\/p>\n<p>La derni\u00e8re p\u00e9riode sur laquelle j&rsquo;ai choisi d&rsquo;\u00e9crire est le d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;\u00e8re num\u00e9rique, dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, lorsque l&rsquo;ordinateur personnel a fait son apparition. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, l&rsquo;\u00e9diteur de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences imprim\u00e9es Encyclopaedia Britannica, fond\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00c9dimbourg, en \u00c9cosse, en 1768, est devenu l&rsquo;improbable d\u00e9tenteur d&rsquo;un brevet couvrant un syst\u00e8me de navigation logicielle qui permettait aux enfants comme aux adultes de rechercher facilement un contenu riche en m\u00e9dias combinant texte, audio, vid\u00e9o, graphiques et cartes. Bien que le brevet se soit av\u00e9r\u00e9 sans valeur mon\u00e9taire apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9cennies de litiges, l&rsquo;invention de Britannica peut encore \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une \u00e9tape fondamentale dans l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience de navigation num\u00e9rique que nous consid\u00e9rons aujourd&rsquo;hui comme allant de soi. <\/p>\n<p>Ces cinq histoires sont, pour le meilleur ou pour le pire, les r\u00e9cits d&rsquo;un seul t\u00e9moin. Si le fait de rassembler ces r\u00e9cits \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d&rsquo;un m\u00e9moire permet de les relier par un fil unique, cela signifie \u00e9galement que ces r\u00e9cits de personnes et d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements sont in\u00e9vitablement tricot\u00e9s avec des erreurs factuelles ou des lacunes dans les souvenirs de l&rsquo;auteur. <\/p>\n<p>William J. Bowe<\/p>\n<p>Northbrook, Illinois<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wbowe.com\">www.wbowe.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>15 janvier 2024<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32156,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1151,1150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6-emeutes-et-fusees-preface","category-riots-and-rockets-menu-principal-navigation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pr\u00e9face - William J. 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