{"id":28558,"date":"2023-01-09T23:07:26","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T23:07:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2023\/01\/09\/lart-de-lencyclopediste\/"},"modified":"2023-03-25T23:59:07","modified_gmt":"2023-03-25T23:59:07","slug":"lart-de-lencyclopediste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/09\/lart-de-lencyclopediste\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;art de l&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9diste"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:55;line-height:1.09;\"><h2><strong>L&rsquo;art de l&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9diste<\/strong><\/h2><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-3\" style=\"--awb-columns:3;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><p><div id=\"attachment_26835\" style=\"width: 248px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26835\" class=\"wp-image-26834 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-238x300.jpg\" alt=\"Philip-W-Goetz\" width=\"238\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-200x252.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-238x300.jpg 238w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-400x504.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-600x756.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2.jpg 635w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-26835\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Philip W. (\u00ab\u00a0Tom\u00a0\u00bb) Goetz<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<span class=\"fusion-dropcap dropcap\">I<\/span>u XXe si\u00e8cle, les encyclop\u00e9distes n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 les seuls \u00e0 se pr\u00e9occuper de la mani\u00e8re de faciliter l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une somme de connaissances toujours plus grande. Le probl\u00e8me d\u00e9coulant de l&rsquo;explosion de l&rsquo;information des temps modernes a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 remarqu\u00e9 par ceux qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation. En particulier, les scientifiques et les math\u00e9maticiens qui ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 de nouvelles disciplines du savoir, comme la physique atomique et les machines \u00e0 calculer, ont \u00e9galement commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s de leurs coll\u00e8gues et des profanes \u00e0 des domaines d&rsquo;information de plus en plus nombreux. La mission d&rsquo;une encyclop\u00e9die \u00e9tant d&rsquo;englober sous une forme abr\u00e9g\u00e9e et accessible l&rsquo;ensemble de nos connaissances sur tout, les investissements \u00e9ditoriaux n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9dies ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 importants. Par cons\u00e9quent, le nombre d&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9dies a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 relativement faible.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26829\" style=\"width: 774px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26829\" class=\"wp-image-26828 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1990120680-EB-Officers.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"764\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1990120680-EB-Officers-200x95.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1990120680-EB-Officers-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1990120680-EB-Officers-400x189.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1990120680-EB-Officers-600x284.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1990120680-EB-Officers.jpg 764w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-26829\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Mortimer Adler (avec une canne), le r\u00e9dacteur en chef Philip W. \u00ab\u00a0Tom\u00a0\u00bb Goetz (avec un n\u0153ud papillon rouge) avec les officiers et les \u00e9pouses de Britannica, No\u00ebl 1990<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p>De m\u00eame, si plusieurs milliers de contributeurs ext\u00e9rieurs distingu\u00e9s sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9diger des articles pour une encyclop\u00e9die telle que la <em>Britannica <\/em>(4 455 r\u00e9cemment), le nombre d&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9distes de carri\u00e8re charg\u00e9s de la conception et de la cr\u00e9ation proprement dites de l&rsquo;ouvrage et de sa r\u00e9vision permanente est beaucoup plus faible.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque moderne, les encyclop\u00e9distes professionnels du monde entier travaillant en continu dans la langue anglaise se comptent pour la plupart par centaines plut\u00f4t que par milliers. Et depuis plus de deux si\u00e8cles, les encyclop\u00e9distes de Britannica sont rest\u00e9s les plus comp\u00e9tents et les plus respect\u00e9s de leur cat\u00e9gorie. La t\u00e2che d&rsquo;un encyclop\u00e9diste \u00e0 plein temps est \u00e9trange. Ces personnes ne sont pas nombreuses et les rares qui existent passent leurs journ\u00e9es \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la meilleure fa\u00e7on d&rsquo;organiser un bref r\u00e9sum\u00e9 narratif de nos connaissances cumul\u00e9es de l&rsquo;histoire, de l&rsquo;art, de la litt\u00e9rature, de la science, de la religion, de la philosophie et de la culture.<\/p>\n<p>Curieusement, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 les contraintes physiques et financi\u00e8res d&rsquo;une encyclop\u00e9die imprim\u00e9e, l&rsquo;art de l&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9diste \u00e9tait traditionnellement plus ax\u00e9 sur ce qu&rsquo;il fallait omettre que sur ce qu&rsquo;il fallait ajouter.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant les 28 ann\u00e9es que j&rsquo;ai pass\u00e9es chez Britannica, j&rsquo;ai eu le privil\u00e8ge de travailler fr\u00e9quemment avec le r\u00e9dacteur en chef d&rsquo;EB pendant une grande partie de cette p\u00e9riode, Philip W. (\u00ab\u00a0Tom\u00a0\u00bb) Goetz. Il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 promu r\u00e9dacteur en chef bien avant le jour de mon arriv\u00e9e en 1986. Il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 le r\u00e9dacteur ex\u00e9cutif en second lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de la15<sup>e<\/sup> \u00e9dition. Lorsque je lui ai demand\u00e9 un jour \u00e0 quoi ressemblait cette p\u00e9riode, il m&rsquo;a r\u00e9pondu que c&rsquo;\u00e9tait le travail le plus difficile qu&rsquo;il ait jamais eu \u00e0 faire. La r\u00e9\u00e9criture compl\u00e8te de la14<sup>e<\/sup> \u00e9dition avait commenc\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 et la15<sup>e<\/sup> \u00e9dition n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e qu&rsquo;en 1974. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, M. Goetz a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que, pour garantir la coh\u00e9rence \u00e9ditoriale de l&rsquo;ensemble du corpus de plus de 30 millions de mots et pour qu&rsquo;il \u00ab\u00a0parle d&rsquo;une seule voix\u00a0\u00bb, il devait \u00eatre la seule personne \u00e0 lire et \u00e0 donner son approbation finale \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble des 44 millions de mots contenus dans les 65 000 articles de la s\u00e9rie compl\u00e8te de 32 volumes, chaque volume comptant plus de 1 000 pages.<\/p>\n<p>Tom \u00e9tait dot\u00e9 d&rsquo;un intellect exceptionnel et d&rsquo;une mani\u00e8re engageante, et il n&rsquo;oubliait pas non plus beaucoup de ce qu&rsquo;il avait lu. Une fois, alors que nous avions un probl\u00e8me avec le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;une traduction italienne de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica, je me suis rendu avec lui \u00e0 Milan. En arrivant un week-end, nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de faire un tour \u00e0 la cath\u00e9drale de Milan. J&rsquo;\u00e9tais particuli\u00e8rement impatient de la voir car ma m\u00e8re avait pris un clich\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9glise lors de son voyage de noces en 1928. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26838 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Milan-Cathedral-1928080153-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Cath\u00e9drale de Milan\" width=\"337\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Milan-Cathedral-1928080153-copy-168x300.jpg 168w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Milan-Cathedral-1928080153-copy-200x357.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Milan-Cathedral-1928080153-copy.jpg 337w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/>Commenc\u00e9 en 1386, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e9t\u00e9 et affin\u00e9 au cours des six si\u00e8cles suivants. Pour profiter de la vue exceptionnelle sur Milan depuis le sommet de la cath\u00e9drale, nous avons gravi les 250 marches du toit du Duomo. Alors que nous nous promenions parmi la for\u00eat de marbre des statues et des gargouilles, Tom m&rsquo;a expliqu\u00e9 certains aspects de la construction de la cath\u00e9drale. Lorsque je lui ai demand\u00e9 ce qui s&rsquo;\u00e9tait pass\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;\u00c9glise catholique au moment de la construction et dans les ann\u00e9es qui ont suivi, ma question d\u00e9sinvolte n&rsquo;a pas suscit\u00e9 une r\u00e9ponse d\u00e9sinvolte. Tout \u00e9tait dans sa t\u00eate et il me l&rsquo;a d\u00e9vers\u00e9 avec des d\u00e9tails atroces pendant l&rsquo;heure suivante, formul\u00e9s en sections parfaites comme des paragraphes. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait une formation \u00e9tonnante et approfondie pour moi. Alors qu&rsquo;il \u00e9tait tout \u00e0 fait d\u00e9contract\u00e9 de parler comme il l&rsquo;a fait, il s&rsquo;est exprim\u00e9 avec l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un professeur d&rsquo;universit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 qui a peut-\u00eatre pass\u00e9 toute sa carri\u00e8re \u00e0 \u00e9tudier et \u00e0 donner des conf\u00e9rences sur le Moyen \u00c2ge.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26835,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[991,988,573],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-encyclopaedia-britannica-inventer-lavenir","category-trouver-ma-voie","category-william-john-bowe-jr-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L&#039;art de l&#039;encyclop\u00e9diste - William J. 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