{"id":28551,"date":"2023-01-12T19:47:55","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T19:47:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2023\/01\/12\/robert-hutchins\/"},"modified":"2023-02-21T21:02:01","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T21:02:01","slug":"robert-hutchins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/12\/robert-hutchins\/","title":{"rendered":"Robert Hutchins"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:55;line-height:1.09;\"><h2><strong>Robert Hutchins<\/strong><\/h2><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 awb-text-cols fusion-text-columns-3\" style=\"--awb-columns:3;--awb-column-spacing:2em;--awb-column-min-width:100px;\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26864 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Hutchins-Robert-Book-Cover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"185\" height=\"273\"><span class=\"fusion-dropcap dropcap\">W<\/span>illiam Benton avait \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Chicago en 1937 par son condisciple de la promotion 1924 du Yale College, alors pr\u00e9sident de Chicago, Robert Maynard Hutchins. Hutchins \u00e9tait l&rsquo;un des intellectuels et \u00e9ducateurs les plus \u00e9minents du XXe si\u00e8cle. V\u00e9ritable enfant prodige, Hutchins avait \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 doyen de la facult\u00e9 de droit de Yale \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 28 ans. Il n&rsquo;avait que 30 ans au moment de sa nomination \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence de Chicago en 1929.<\/p>\n<p>Les administrateurs de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9, en refusant le cadeau offert par Sears, que l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 avait pour mission d&rsquo;enseigner et non de faire des affaires. Bill Benton a su reconna\u00eetre une bonne opportunit\u00e9 commerciale et a saisi l&rsquo;occasion et l&rsquo;entreprise.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque Benton a achet\u00e9 Britannica, il a accept\u00e9 de payer \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 une redevance de trois pour cent sur les ventes de l&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9die am\u00e9ricaine en \u00e9change des conseils \u00e9ditoriaux de sa facult\u00e9. Peu de temps apr\u00e8s, Benton a nomm\u00e9 Hutchins pr\u00e9sident du comit\u00e9 de r\u00e9daction de Britannica. Le lien entre l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Chicago et l&rsquo;Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica a dur\u00e9 plus de cinq d\u00e9cennies. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la relation simpatico de Benton et Hutchins, elle a rapport\u00e9 \u00e0 la dotation de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 plus de 200 millions de dollars pendant cette p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26867\" style=\"width: 309px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26867\" class=\"wp-image-26866 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Hutchins-Benton-Charles-Swanson.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"299\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Hutchins-Benton-Charles-Swanson-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Hutchins-Benton-Charles-Swanson.jpg 299w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-26867\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Charles Swanson, pr\u00e9sident de l&rsquo;EB, William Benton, pr\u00e9sident de l&rsquo;EB, et Robert Hutchins, pr\u00e9sident du comit\u00e9 de r\u00e9daction de l&rsquo;EB et pr\u00e9sident de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Chicago.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p>En 1974, apr\u00e8s un investissement de plus de 33 millions de dollars, la<sup>15e<\/sup> \u00e9dition de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica, qui comptait alors 30 volumes et 44 millions de mots, a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e. L&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement a fait la premi\u00e8re page du New York Times. Un index autonome en deux volumes a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 la s\u00e9rie dans le cadre d&rsquo;une r\u00e9vision majeure publi\u00e9e en 1985.<\/p>\n<p>Benton et Hutchins \u00e9taient tous deux d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s lorsque je suis arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 Britannica en janvier 1986, mais j&rsquo;ai connu Charles Swanson, le pr\u00e9sident de Britannica pendant le d\u00e9veloppement de la 15e \u00e9dition. Je l&rsquo;avais interview\u00e9 pour les postes de vice-pr\u00e9sident, d&rsquo;avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et de secr\u00e9taire de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica \u00e0 l&rsquo;automne 1985, peu avant qu&rsquo;il ne prenne sa retraite et que Peter Norton lui succ\u00e8de comme pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que je n&rsquo;aie jamais rencontr\u00e9 Hutchins, je l&rsquo;ai entendu parler une fois. \u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sident du Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions \u00e0 Santa Barbara, en Californie, mais alors que je commen\u00e7ais ma troisi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de droit de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Chicago, M. Hutchins est revenu \u00e0 Chicago et \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de droit pour inaugurer son quadrilat\u00e8re Laird Bell nouvellement termin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_27067\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-27066\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-600x451.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-800x601.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/HutchinsRobert-Maynard-Hutchins-William-Benton.jpg 1120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-27067\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Robert Hutchins et William Benton<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Il \u00e9tait alors une l\u00e9gende nationale et universitaire et j&rsquo;attendais avec impatience ses remarques dans la salle d&rsquo;audience Weymouth Kirkland de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole. Hutchins n&rsquo;a pas d\u00e9\u00e7u. Il \u00e9tait magn\u00e9tique, \u00e9rudit et dr\u00f4le, et j&rsquo;ai eu une bonne id\u00e9e de la mani\u00e8re dont il a pu approcher, sinon atteindre, la saintet\u00e9 s\u00e9culaire.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26863,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[991,988,573],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-encyclopaedia-britannica-inventer-lavenir","category-trouver-ma-voie","category-william-john-bowe-jr-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Robert Hutchins - William J. 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