{"id":28535,"date":"2023-01-20T19:43:24","date_gmt":"2023-01-20T19:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2023\/01\/20\/harold-kester-smartrieve-et-lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton\/"},"modified":"2023-02-21T20:23:38","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T20:23:38","slug":"harold-kester-smartrieve-et-lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/20\/harold-kester-smartrieve-et-lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton\/","title":{"rendered":"Harold Kester, SmarTrieve et l’Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton"},"content":{"rendered":"

Harold Kester, SmarTrieve, et l’encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton<\/strong><\/h3><\/h1><\/div>

\"\"A<\/span>Apr\u00e8s avoir analys\u00e9 plus avant le march\u00e9 potentiel d’un tel ouvrage, Stanley Frank, alors responsable du d\u00e9veloppement, a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 en 1988 de s’associer \u00e0 Education Systems Corporation de San Diego, en Californie, pour le d\u00e9velopper. L’ESC disposait d’une expertise dans le d\u00e9veloppement de logiciels gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de produits \u00e9ducatifs en r\u00e9seau pour le march\u00e9 scolaire. ESC a choisi comme sous-traitant de son moteur de recherche de texte, le groupe Del Mar. Del Mar \u00e9tait une start-up de capital-risque de Solana Beach, en Californie, financ\u00e9e par le fabricant japonais d’ordinateurs Fujitsu.<\/p>\n

Le scientifique en chef de Del Mar, Harold Kester, avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 construit des publications de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur CD- ROM, mais pas pour le march\u00e9 grand public. Il est important de noter que Kester a \u00e9galement \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les travaux de Gerald Salton \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 de Cornell. Salton avait men\u00e9 des recherches pionni\u00e8res sur les principes math\u00e9matiques qui sous-tendent la recherche automatique de textes. Alors que Greg Bestik, le responsable du d\u00e9veloppement de l’ESC, Kester, les \u00e9diteurs et les ing\u00e9nieurs logiciels de Britannica se r\u00e9unissaient pour planifier la conception de ce qui est devenu l’Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton, ils ont re\u00e7u une instruction claire de la direction de Britannica : Britannica \u00e9tait pr\u00eate \u00e0 investir des millions de dollars dans le d\u00e9veloppement du produit, mais elle devait publier une offre r\u00e9volutionnaire qui serait une perc\u00e9e claire dans la simplification de l’interaction de l’utilisateur avec les ordinateurs.<\/p>\n

Il ne s’agirait pas d’un produit uniquement textuel comme Groliers. Les vastes fonds de Britannica en mati\u00e8re de m\u00e9dias de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (films, images, animations et sons) seraient mis \u00e0 disposition pour une int\u00e9gration \u00e9troite avec le texte encyclop\u00e9dique de Compton. La grande contribution de Kester \u00e0 cette entreprise a \u00e9t\u00e9 de produire un moteur de recherche en langage naturel qui permettrait au prototype de l’enfant de neuf ans de rechercher facilement dans toute la base de donn\u00e9es les articles qui l’int\u00e9ressent. Au lieu d’attendre d’un enfant de neuf ans qu’il ma\u00eetrise les subtilit\u00e9s de la logique bool\u00e9enne pour construire des requ\u00eates de recherche (\u00ab\u00a0Ciel\u00a0\u00bb ET \u00ab\u00a0Bleu\u00a0\u00bb), l’enfant de neuf ans de Britannica n’avait qu’\u00e0 taper dans le champ de recherche \u00ab\u00a0Pourquoi le ciel est-il bleu ?\u00a0\u00bb. Cela suffirait pour que le moteur de recherche \u00ab\u00a0SmarTriev\u00a0\u00bb de Del Mar conduise l’utilisateur \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse.<\/p>\n

des bornes interactives dans les librairies peu apr\u00e8s sa cr\u00e9ation en 1984. Cela l’a conduit \u00e0 devenir l’un des premiers \u00e9diteurs de CD-ROM l’ann\u00e9e suivante. Elle a publi\u00e9 le cinqui\u00e8me CD-ROM aux \u00c9tats-Unis en 1985, un prototype de produit destin\u00e9 aux librairies qui permettrait aux consommateurs d’interagir avec une base de donn\u00e9es et d’\u00eatre guid\u00e9s vers les titres qui les int\u00e9ressent. Son syst\u00e8me de recherche SmarTriev a \u00e9t\u00e9 c\u00e9d\u00e9 sous licence \u00e0 d’autres d\u00e9veloppeurs de CD-ROM et, en 1986, Del Mar a eu bri\u00e8vement la plus grande base install\u00e9e de CD-ROM du pays.<\/p>\n

Inspir\u00e9 des travaux ant\u00e9rieurs de Gerald Salton, le syst\u00e8me de recherche et d’extraction en langage naturel de SmarTriev allait bien au-del\u00e0 des moteurs de recherche de base de donn\u00e9es habituels de l’\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

D\u00fbment impressionn\u00e9e, Britannica a achet\u00e9 SmarTriev et a engag\u00e9 Kester d\u00e8s que la version en r\u00e9seau du produit de Compton a \u00e9t\u00e9 achev\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Lorsque Britannica et l’ESC ont sign\u00e9 leur accord de cod\u00e9veloppement en avril 1988, le groupe Del Mar a plong\u00e9 pour aider \u00e0 la pr\u00e9paration du document de conception. Cette op\u00e9ration a \u00e9t\u00e9 achev\u00e9e en juillet 1988. Il pr\u00e9sente de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s d\u00e9taill\u00e9e l’architecture de l’Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia Compton <\/em>qui sera publi\u00e9e dans le nouveau format CD- ROM \u00e0 l’automne de l’ann\u00e9e suivante. Le document de conception a fait l’objet d’une grande collaboration.<\/p>\n

\"Kester,

Harold Kester, vice-pr\u00e9sident charg\u00e9 de la technologie, avec Jorge Cauz, pr\u00e9sident de l’EB, \u00e0 S\u00e9oul, en Cor\u00e9e du Sud, en 1998.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n

L’ESC disposait de programmeurs informatiques et d’experts en \u00e9ducation talentueux sur les sites de San Diego et d’Austin, au Texas. Harold Kester et son groupe de moteurs de recherche travaillaient depuis Solana Beach, en Californie, tandis que les r\u00e9dacteurs de Britannica et les experts en logiciels se trouvaient \u00e0 Chicago et \u00e0 San Francisco.<\/p>\n

Au cours du d\u00e9veloppement, entre 40 et 80 personnes ont travaill\u00e9 \u00e0 tout moment pour donner vie au document de conception sous la forme d’un produit enti\u00e8rement fonctionnel. Il ne s’agit pas d’un prototype ou d’un v\u00e9hicule de d\u00e9monstration destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre montr\u00e9 et racont\u00e9 lors d’une conf\u00e9rence de futuristes. Il s’agissait d’inventer et de construire le vrai truc. Les membres de l’\u00e9quipe de conception ayant une formation en psychop\u00e9dagogie \u00e9taient sensibles au fait que les enfants apprennent de diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res. Ils ont insist\u00e9 sur le fait qu’il \u00e9tait souhaitable que les utilisateurs disposent de diff\u00e9rentes mani\u00e8res, tant textuelles que graphiques, d’acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la m\u00eame information.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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