{"id":27417,"date":"2022-12-22T20:11:29","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T20:11:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?page_id=27417"},"modified":"2023-02-21T14:25:17","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T14:25:17","slug":"inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/","title":{"rendered":"Inventer l&rsquo;avenir &#8211; Encyclopaedia Britannica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div id=\"souvenirs de l&#039;arm\u00e9e\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:8%;--awb-padding-left:8%;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:40%;--awb-margin-top-large:3%;--awb-spacing-right-large:4.8%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:4.8%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-column-inner-bg-wrapper\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:8%;--awb-padding-right:8%;--awb-padding-bottom:8%;--awb-padding-left:12%;--awb-inner-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-inner-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-inner-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg hover-type-zoomin\"><a class=\"fusion-column-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/?page_id=27731\"><span class=\"fusion-column-inner-bg-image\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-max-width:300px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-zoomin\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"800\" alt=\"roquettes et \u00e9meutes\" title=\"fus\u00e9es_passerelle\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gateway_rockets.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gateway_rockets-200x259.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gateway_rockets-400x518.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gateway_rockets-600x777.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gateway_rockets.jpg 618w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:8%;--awb-padding-right:8%;--awb-padding-bottom:8%;--awb-padding-left:8%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color1);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.09;\"><a href=\"\/my-memoir\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Fus\u00e9es, \u00e9meutes, politique et pratique<\/a><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:20px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:20;--minFontSize:20;line-height:1.1;\"><a href=\"\/my-memoir\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Un peu d&rsquo;arm\u00e9e, une dose de politique, et une vie dans le droit<\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div style=\"text-align:left;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-yes fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-01-21-Full-Manuscript-and-Chapters-of-Rockets-Riots-Politics-and-Practice-Memoir.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Le m\u00e9moire complet<\/span><i class=\"fa-file-pdf fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:34;line-height:1.36;\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/inventer-le-futur-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inventer l&rsquo;avenir &#8211; Encyclopaedia Britannica<\/a><\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:2%;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> Sous-chapitres<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/div><nav class=\"awb-menu awb-menu_column awb-menu_em-hover mobile-mode-collapse-to-button awb-menu_icons-right awb-menu_dc-yes mobile-trigger-fullwidth-off awb-menu_mobile-toggle awb-menu_indent-left awb-menu_mt-align-flex-start mobile-size-full-absolute loading mega-menu-loading awb-menu_desktop awb-menu_dropdown awb-menu_expand-right awb-menu_transition-fade\" style=\"--awb-font-size:18px;--awb-text-transform:capitalize;--awb-bg:var(--awb-color6);--awb-items-padding-top:2%;--awb-items-padding-right:3%;--awb-items-padding-bottom:2%;--awb-items-padding-left:5%;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color3);--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-active-color:var(--awb-custom10);--awb-active-bg:var(--awb-color2);--awb-submenu-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-submenu-bg:var(--awb-color8);--awb-submenu-items-padding-top:1%;--awb-submenu-items-padding-bottom:1%;--awb-submenu-items-padding-left:8%;--awb-submenu-active-bg:var(--awb-color1);--awb-submenu-active-color:var(--awb-color8);--awb-submenu-max-width:550px;--awb-icons-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-icons-hover-color:var(--awb-custom10);--awb-main-justify-content:flex-start;--awb-mobile-justify:flex-start;--awb-mobile-caret-left:auto;--awb-mobile-caret-right:0;--awb-fusion-font-family-typography:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-fusion-font-style-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-typography:600;--awb-fusion-font-family-submenu-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-submenu-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-submenu-typography:400;--awb-fusion-font-family-mobile-typography:inherit;--awb-fusion-font-style-mobile-typography:normal;--awb-fusion-font-weight-mobile-typography:400;\" aria-label=\"Menu\" data-breakpoint=\"1170\" data-count=\"0\" data-transition-type=\"fade\" data-transition-time=\"300\" data-expand=\"right\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"awb-menu__m-toggle awb-menu__m-toggle_no-text\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"menu-encyclopaedia-britannica\"><span class=\"awb-menu__m-toggle-inner\"><span class=\"collapsed-nav-text\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Toggle Navigation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__m-collapse-icon awb-menu__m-collapse-icon_no-text\"><span class=\"awb-menu__m-collapse-icon-open awb-menu__m-collapse-icon-open_no-text fa-bars fas\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__m-collapse-icon-close awb-menu__m-collapse-icon-close_no-text fa-times fas\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/button><ul id=\"menu-army-memories\" class=\"fusion-menu awb-menu__main-ul awb-menu__main-ul_column\"><li  id=\"menu-item-28261\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28261 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28261\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2023\/01\/20\/introduction\/\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28262\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28262 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28262\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=27837\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Testimony of William J. Bowe before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-25255\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-25255 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"25255\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=16942\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Map of Washington, D.C. and Northern Virginia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-24709\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-24709 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"24709\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24702\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Family in the Military<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-24723\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-24723 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"24723\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24711\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Enlistment in the Army<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-25272\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-25272 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"25272\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=25266\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The Vietnam Generation and the Draft<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-24756\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-24756 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"24756\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24732\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Fort Holabird and Intelligence Training<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-24757\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-24757 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"24757\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24746\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Assignment to the 902nd Military Intelligence Group<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28796\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28796 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28796\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28778\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">CIAD in the CD of OACSI at DA in DC<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28894\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28894 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28894\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28882\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The Vance Report<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28885\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28885 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28885\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28859\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Department of Civil Disturbance Planning and Operations (DCDPO)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28890\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28890 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28890\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28872\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The Army Operations Center (AOC)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28891\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28891 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28891\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28874\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The Blue U and CIA Training<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28892\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28892 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28892\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28877\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The Safeguard Anti-Ballistic Missile System<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28887\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28887 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28887\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28864\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Huntsville, Alabama and the Army Missile Command<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28857\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28857 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28857\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28856\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">NORAD and Cheyenne Mountain<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28191\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28191 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28191\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24003\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The Johnston Atoll and the Origins of Space Warfare<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28888\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28888 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28888\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28867\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Kwajalein Atoll and the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Test Site<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-25257\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-25257 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"25257\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/2022\/03\/18\/a-half-century-of-ballistic-missile-satellite-defense-2\/\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">A Half Century of Ballistic Missile &#038; Satellite Defense<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-24659\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-24659 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"24659\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24641\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Kent State University and the Aftermath<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-24693\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-24693 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"24693\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24687\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Yale, The Black Panthers, and the Army<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28893\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28893 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28893\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28880\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The Secretary of the Army\u2019s Special Task Force<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28886\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28886 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28886\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28862\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Getting Short \u2013 The 1971 \u201cStop the Government\u201d Protests<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28889\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28889 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28889\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=28870\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">The 1974 Congressional Hearings on Military Surveillance<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-28497\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-28497 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"28497\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24365\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Lunch with General William Westmoreland (USA Ret.)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  id=\"menu-item-25256\"  class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-25256 awb-menu__li awb-menu__main-li awb-menu__main-li_regular\"  data-item-id=\"25256\"><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-default awb-menu__main-background-default_fade\"><\/span><span class=\"awb-menu__main-background-active awb-menu__main-background-active_fade\"><\/span><a  href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?p=24791\" class=\"awb-menu__main-a awb-menu__main-a_regular\"><span class=\"menu-text\">Riots &#038; Rockets \u2013 Army Days (1968-1971)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:5px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:3%;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.2%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.2%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-row\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:3%;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-left:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:left;--awb-max-width:100px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" alt=\"Encyclop\u00e9die\" title=\"chapitre_Comptons-Encyclop\u00e9die interactive\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chapter_Comptons-Interactive-Encyclopedia.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chapter_Comptons-Interactive-Encyclopedia-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chapter_Comptons-Interactive-Encyclopedia.jpg 175w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-3 fusion_builder_column_inner_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-right:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-2 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/?p=27835\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Chapitre : Inventer l&rsquo;avenir &#8211; Encyclopaedia Britannica (dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9)<\/span><\/a><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-3 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2023-01-19-7-Inventing-the-Future-Encyclopaedia-Britannica.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Chapitre : PDF<\/span><i class=\"fa-file-pdf fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-4 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:3%;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-left:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:left;--awb-max-width:100px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1657\" height=\"932\" alt=\"Bill Bowe\" title=\"ddddd-1-4\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-28232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4.jpg 1657w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-5 fusion_builder_column_inner_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-right:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-4 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/02\/14\/le-cadeau-de-lencyclopaedia-britannica-a-lere-numerique\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Vid\u00e9o de Bill Bowe : Le cadeau de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re num\u00e9rique<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:55;line-height:1.09;\"><h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Sous-chapitres<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-post-cards fusion-post-cards-1 fusion-grid-archive fusion-grid-columns-1 fusion-grid-flex-grow\" style=\"--awb-column-spacing:0px;--awb-columns:1;--awb-filters-font-size:20px;--awb-active-filter-border-size:3px;--awb-filters-height:36px;--awb-row-spacing:20px;\" data-post-type-label=\"articles\"><ul class=\"fusion-grid fusion-grid-1 fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-grid-posts-cards\"><li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-6 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" alt=\"Joshua Kim, directeur des programmes en ligne du Dartmouth College\" title=\"Joshua-Kim-5_1.1.5-copy3-2\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Joshua-Kim-5_1.1.5-copy3-2.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-29367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Joshua-Kim-5_1.1.5-copy3-2-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Joshua-Kim-5_1.1.5-copy3-2-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Joshua-Kim-5_1.1.5-copy3-2.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-7 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/luniversite-a-faible-densite-et-les-lecons-de-britannica-pour-lere-numerique\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">L&rsquo;universit\u00e9 \u00e0 faible densit\u00e9 et les le\u00e7ons de Britannica pour l&rsquo;\u00e8re num\u00e9rique<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-1\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p>  L'universit\u00e9 \u00e0 faible densit\u00e9 et les le\u00e7ons de Britannica pour l'\u00e8re num\u00e9rique ENote du r\u00e9dacteur:Suite \u00e0 la publication de mon \u00e9change dans Inside Higher Ed avec Joshua Kim, directeur des programmes en ligne du Dartmouth College, sur les d\u00e9fis auxquels est confront\u00e9 l'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur aujourd'hui, j'ai pens\u00e9 que nous serions tous deux int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par un suivi plus approfondi. [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-5 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2022\/04\/26\/luniversite-a-faible-densite-et-les-lecons-de-britannica-pour-lere-numerique\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-1 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 559<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,4 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-8 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"436\" alt=\"Comptons Multimedia Encyclopedia (1995)\" title=\"Comptons Multimedia Encyclopedia (1995)\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Multimedia-Encyclopedia-1995.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Multimedia-Encyclopedia-1995-200x157.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Multimedia-Encyclopedia-1995-400x315.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Multimedia-Encyclopedia-1995.jpg 554w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-9 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/02\/comment-un-artefact-des-lumieres-ecossaises-est-devenu-un-pionnier-de-lere-numerique\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Comment un artefact des Lumi\u00e8res \u00e9cossaises est devenu un pionnier de l&rsquo;\u00e8re num\u00e9rique<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-2\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Comment un artefact des Lumi\u00e8res \u00e9cossaises est devenu un pionnier de l'\u00e8re num\u00e9rique   Wous auriez pu deviner qu'\u00e0 la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 20th si\u00e8cle, ce serait une entreprise fond\u00e9e en \u00c9cosse en 1768 qui inventerait un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la m\u00e9canique qui permettrait aux gens de naviguer intuitivement dans le d\u00e9luge \u00e9lectronique de textes, de sons et [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-6 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/02\/comment-un-artefact-des-lumieres-ecossaises-est-devenu-un-pionnier-de-lere-numerique\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-2 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 628<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">4,1 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-10 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"196\" height=\"258\" alt=\"Bush, Vannevar - Time Cover\" title=\"Bush, Vannevar &#8211; Time Cover\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bush-Vannevar-Time-Cover.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26550\"\/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-11 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/03\/vannevar-bush\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Vannevar Bush<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-3\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Vannevar Bush  Te scientifique qui a eu la vision la plus p\u00e9n\u00e9trante du r\u00f4le potentiel de la machine pour nous aider \u00e0 acc\u00e9der facilement au r\u00e9servoir croissant de connaissances humaines est Vannevar Bush. Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu un doctorat conjoint en g\u00e9nie \u00e9lectrique du Massachusetts Institute of Technology et de Harvard en 1916, Bush a montr\u00e9 un penchant pour [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-7 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/03\/vannevar-bush\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-3 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 674<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,2 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-12 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-7 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1837\" height=\"1486\" alt=\"Life Magazine-Vannevar Bush : Ce que nous pouvons penser\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1945-12-01-Life-Magazine-Reprint-of-Atlantic-Monthly-Bush-Article.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-21948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1945-12-01-Life-Magazine-Reprint-of-Atlantic-Monthly-Bush-Article-200x162.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1945-12-01-Life-Magazine-Reprint-of-Atlantic-Monthly-Bush-Article-400x324.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1945-12-01-Life-Magazine-Reprint-of-Atlantic-Monthly-Bush-Article-600x485.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1945-12-01-Life-Magazine-Reprint-of-Atlantic-Monthly-Bush-Article-800x647.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1945-12-01-Life-Magazine-Reprint-of-Atlantic-Monthly-Bush-Article-1200x971.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/1945-12-01-Life-Magazine-Reprint-of-Atlantic-Monthly-Bush-Article.jpg 1837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-13 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/04\/larticle-de-the-atlantic-monthly-intitule-1945-as-we-may-think-1945-comme-on-peut-le-penser\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">L&rsquo;article de The Atlantic Monthly intitul\u00e9 \u00a0\u00bb 1945 As We May Think \u00a0\u00bb (1945 comme on peut le penser)<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-4\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> L'article de The Atlantic Monthly intitul\u00e9 \" 1945 As We May Think \" (1945 comme on peut le penser )  Ians un article qui fait d\u00e9sormais date, publi\u00e9 en juillet 1945 dans l'Atlantic Monthly et intitul\u00e9 \"As We May Think\", Bush expose la vision d'un monde dans lequel les ordinateurs occuperaient une place centrale dans notre vie sociale [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-8 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/04\/larticle-de-the-atlantic-monthly-intitule-1945-as-we-may-think-1945-comme-on-peut-le-penser\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-4 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 693<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">3,6 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-14 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-8 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"251\" height=\"200\" alt=\"Nelson, Ted - Tout est li\u00e9\" title=\"Nelson, Ted &#8211; Everything is Intertwyned\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nelson-Ted-Everything-is-Intertwyned.png\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nelson-Ted-Everything-is-Intertwyned-200x159.png 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nelson-Ted-Everything-is-Intertwyned.png 251w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-15 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-10 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/05\/ted-nelson-lhypertexte-envisage-et-poursuivi\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Ted Nelson &#8211; L&rsquo;hypertexte envisag\u00e9 et poursuivi<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-5\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Ted Nelson - L'hypertexte envisag\u00e9 et poursuivi  Chapitre 5 : Inventer l'avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica (dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9)       AUn autre \u00e9l\u00e9ment du d\u00e9fi de la gestion de l'information que Bush a compris est le fait que trouver rapidement des informations gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la compression des donn\u00e9es et aux affichages avanc\u00e9s ne r\u00e9sout [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-9 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/05\/ted-nelson-lhypertexte-envisage-et-poursuivi\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-5 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 1168<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">5,1 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-16 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-9 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"414\" height=\"620\" alt=\"Douglas Englebart\" title=\"Douglas Englebart 1 copy 2\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Douglas-Englebart-1-copy-2.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-21955\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Douglas-Englebart-1-copy-2-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Douglas-Englebart-1-copy-2-400x599.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Douglas-Englebart-1-copy-2.jpg 414w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-17 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-11 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/06\/douglas-englebart\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Douglas Englebart<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-6\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Douglas Englebart  IC'est Douglas Engelbart qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 capable d'amener le concept d'hypertexte de Bush \u00e0 un niveau plus concret en faisant une d\u00e9monstration \u00e9tonnante en 1968 de ce que l'avenir nous r\u00e9servait. Engelbart, est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Portland, Oregon, en 1925, il est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en 2013. Ted Nelson a prononc\u00e9 un \u00e9loge passionn\u00e9 lors de son service comm\u00e9moratif. [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-10 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/06\/douglas-englebart\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-6 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 688<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">5 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-18 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-10 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"272\" height=\"272\" alt=\"Alan Kay\" title=\"Kay, Alan &#8211; Future Portrait copy\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Kay-Alan-Future-Portrait-copy.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26771\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Kay-Alan-Future-Portrait-copy-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Kay-Alan-Future-Portrait-copy.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 272px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-19 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-12 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/06\/alan-kay\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Alan Kay<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-7\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Alan Kay -  Te financement des travaux du SRI par l'Agence pour les projets de recherche avanc\u00e9e du minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense s'est tari au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1970. Lorsque le centre d'activit\u00e9 du Stanford Research Institute d'Engelbart a ferm\u00e9 en 1977, un certain nombre de ses chercheurs en informatique ont rejoint le Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-11 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/06\/alan-kay\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-7 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 732<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">3,2 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-20 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-11 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"333\" alt=\"Pope, Alexander - \u00c9tude appropri\u00e9e\" title=\"Pope, Alexander &#8211; Proper Study\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Pope-Alexander-Proper-Study.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Pope-Alexander-Proper-Study-200x90.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Pope-Alexander-Proper-Study-400x181.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Pope-Alexander-Proper-Study-600x271.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Pope-Alexander-Proper-Study.jpg 736w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-21 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-13 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/07\/letude-correcte-de-lhumanite\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">L&rsquo;\u00e9tude correcte de l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-8\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> L'\u00e9tude correcte de l'humanit\u00e9   Alexander Pope  Aien qu'elle ait \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00e9diteur imprim\u00e9 pendant toute sa longue vie, l'Encyclopaedia Britannica a suivi de pr\u00e8s ces \u00e9volutions. En effet, Britannica venait de mettre la touche finale \u00e0 la r\u00e9\u00e9criture massive de son encyclop\u00e9die Britannica en ajoutant lorsque les premiers disques de stockage CD- ROM (pour Compact Disc-Read [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-12 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/07\/letude-correcte-de-lhumanite\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-8 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 581<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,9 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-22 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-12 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1361\" alt=\"EB 1st Edition Title Page\" title=\"EB 1st Edition Title Page\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-1st-Edition-Title-Page.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26821\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-1st-Edition-Title-Page-200x272.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-1st-Edition-Title-Page-400x544.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-1st-Edition-Title-Page-600x817.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-1st-Edition-Title-Page-800x1089.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-1st-Edition-Title-Page.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-23 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-14 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/08\/lencyclopaedia-britannica-premiere-edition\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">L&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica Premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-9\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> L'Encyclopaedia Britannica Premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition   EB 1\u00e8re Edition R\u00e9plique  Ta premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition en trois volumes de l'Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica a rendu hommage \u00e0 ses racines classiques de deux mani\u00e8res remarquables. L'une d'elles s'\u00e9cartait de l'orthographe conventionnelle de l'encyclop\u00e9die. L'utilisation de la ligature \u00e6 a pr\u00e9serv\u00e9 un ancien legs des scribes grecs et romains utilis\u00e9 pour indiquer la prononciation [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-13 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/08\/lencyclopaedia-britannica-premiere-edition\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-9 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 592<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">1,2 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-24 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-13 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"635\" height=\"800\" alt=\"Philip-W-Goetz\" title=\"Philip-W-Goetz-2\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26835\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-200x252.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-400x504.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2-600x756.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Philip-W-Goetz-2.jpg 635w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-25 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-15 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/09\/lart-de-lencyclopediste\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">L&rsquo;art de l&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9diste<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-10\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> L'art de l'encyclop\u00e9diste   Philip W. (\"Tom\") Goetz  Iu XXe si\u00e8cle, les encyclop\u00e9distes n'ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 les seuls \u00e0 se pr\u00e9occuper de la mani\u00e8re de faciliter l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une somme de connaissances toujours plus grande. Le probl\u00e8me d\u00e9coulant de l'explosion de l'information des temps modernes a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 remarqu\u00e9 par ceux qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation. [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-14 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/09\/lart-de-lencyclopediste\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-10 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 617<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">4,5 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-26 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-14 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"465\" alt=\"EB 15th Edition\" title=\"EB 15th Edition\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-15th-Edition.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26891\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-15th-Edition-200x166.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-15th-Edition-400x332.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EB-15th-Edition.jpg 560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-27 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-16 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/10\/les-architectes-de-la-15e-edition-de-lencyclopaedia-britannica\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Les architectes de la 15e \u00e9dition de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-11\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Architectes de la 15e \u00e9dition de l'Encyclopaedia Britannica      In 1974, apr\u00e8s un investissement de plus de 33 millions de dollars, la15e \u00e9dition de l'Encyclopaedia Britannica, en 30 volumes et 44 millions de mots, est publi\u00e9e. L'\u00e9v\u00e9nement a fait la premi\u00e8re page du New York Times. Un index autonome en deux volumes a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-15 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/10\/les-architectes-de-la-15e-edition-de-lencyclopaedia-britannica\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-11 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 575<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">0,5 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-28 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-15 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" alt=\"Benton Ribicof truman-campaign 1948\" title=\"A Benton Ribicof truman-campaign 1948\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A-Benton-Ribicof-truman-campaign-1948.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A-Benton-Ribicof-truman-campaign-1948-200x130.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A-Benton-Ribicof-truman-campaign-1948-400x260.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A-Benton-Ribicof-truman-campaign-1948-600x389.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A-Benton-Ribicof-truman-campaign-1948.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-29 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-17 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/11\/william-benton-president-et-editeur-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">William Benton, Pr\u00e9sident et \u00e9diteur, Encyclopaedia Britannica<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-12\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> William Benton, Pr\u00e9sident et \u00e9diteur, Encyclopaedia Britannica  PParall\u00e8lement \u00e0 ce d\u00e9veloppement de l'ordinateur, les encyclop\u00e9distes de l'Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica ont longuement r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi \u00e0 la structure d'une encyclop\u00e9die moderne et \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont elle pourrait \u00eatre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une interface homme\/machine adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e8re \u00e9lectronique. La 14e \u00e9dition de l'Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica avait \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e en 1929, alors que l'entreprise [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-16 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/11\/william-benton-president-et-editeur-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-12 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 673<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">1,4 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-30 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-16 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"527\" alt=\"Robert Hutchins, Time Cover 1929\" title=\"Hutchins, Robert Time Cover 1929\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Hutchins-Robert-Time-Cover-1929.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Hutchins-Robert-Time-Cover-1929-200x264.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Hutchins-Robert-Time-Cover-1929.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-31 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-18 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/12\/robert-hutchins\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Robert Hutchins<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-13\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Robert Hutchins  William Benton avait \u00e9t\u00e9 recrut\u00e9 \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 de Chicago en 1937 par son condisciple de la promotion 1924 du Yale College, alors pr\u00e9sident de Chicago, Robert Maynard Hutchins. Hutchins \u00e9tait l'un des intellectuels et \u00e9ducateurs les plus \u00e9minents du XXe si\u00e8cle. V\u00e9ritable enfant prodige, Hutchins avait \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 doyen de la facult\u00e9 de droit de Yale [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-17 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/12\/robert-hutchins\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-13 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 624<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,7 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-32 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-17 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"255\" title=\"Adler, Mortimer Time Cover\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Adler-Mortimer-Time-Cover.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26902\"\/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-33 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-19 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/13\/mortimer-adler\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Mortimer Adler<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-14\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Mortimer Adler  Mortimer J. Adler, a precocious student (and later critic) of philosopher John Dewey at Columbia University, had also been attracted to the University of Chicago in the 1930s. Hutchins lui avait trouv\u00e9 des postes en philosophie, en psychologie et \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de droit de l'universit\u00e9 de Chicago.  Mortimer Adler with Indexing for Great Books [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-18 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/13\/mortimer-adler\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-14 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 642<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,8 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-16 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-34 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-18 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"527\" alt=\"Charles Van Doren Time Cover\" title=\"Van Doren, Charles Time cover\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Van-Doren-Charles-Time-cover.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26911\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Van-Doren-Charles-Time-cover-200x264.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Van-Doren-Charles-Time-cover.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-35 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-20 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/14\/charles-van-doren-eb-vice-president-de-la-redaction\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Charles Van Doren, EB Vice-pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9daction<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-15\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Charles Van Doren, EB Vice-pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9daction  1962 est \u00e9galement une ann\u00e9e charni\u00e8re pour le jeune ami et acolyte d'Adler, Charles Van Doren. Il \u00e9tait le fils de Mark Van Doren, un po\u00e8te r\u00e9put\u00e9, et de Dorothy Van Doren, une romanci\u00e8re, et apr\u00e8s une \u00e9ducation pouss\u00e9e, il s'\u00e9tait lanc\u00e9 dans une carri\u00e8re d'enseignant d'anglais \u00e0 l'universit\u00e9 de [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-19 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/14\/charles-van-doren-eb-vice-president-de-la-redaction\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-15 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 894<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">6,7 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-17 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-36 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-19 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"320\" alt=\"Charles Van Doren avec Lexis-Nexis Terminal 1981\" title=\"z Van Doren Lexis-Nexis 1981\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/z-Van-Doren-Lexis-Nexis-1981.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/z-Van-Doren-Lexis-Nexis-1981-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/z-Van-Doren-Lexis-Nexis-1981.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-37 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-21 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/15\/reinventer-lencyclopedie-sous-forme-electronique\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">R\u00e9inventer l&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9die sous forme \u00e9lectronique<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-16\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> R\u00e9inventer l'encyclop\u00e9die sous forme \u00e9lectronique  In 1981, Warren Preece, r\u00e9dacteur en chef de Britannica aujourd'hui \u00e0 la retraite, a publi\u00e9 \"Notes Towards a New Encyclopedia\". Dans cet article, Preece d\u00e9crit la future encyclop\u00e9die \u00e9lectronique. En tant que l'un des architectes de la 15e \u00e9dition, Preece connaissait parfaitement la tapisserie dense des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences crois\u00e9es qui reliaient les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'information [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-20 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/15\/reinventer-lencyclopedie-sous-forme-electronique\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-16 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 540<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-18 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-38 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-20 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" alt=\"Laser Disc Print Ad\" title=\"Laser Disc Print Ad\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Laser-Disc-Print-Ad.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26963\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Laser-Disc-Print-Ad-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Laser-Disc-Print-Ad-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Laser-Disc-Print-Ad.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-39 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-22 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/16\/resoudre-le-probleme-du-stockage-des-donnees\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">R\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me du stockage des donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-17\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> R\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me du stockage des donn\u00e9es   Philips annonce le format CD-ROM  BWarren Preece, r\u00e9dacteur en chef de ritannica, avait pu pr\u00e9voir la possibilit\u00e9 d'une encyclop\u00e9die sur disque optique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des d\u00e9veloppements techniques r\u00e9volutionnaires qui avaient eu lieu en Europe et au Japon. Klass Compaan, physicien chez Philips research, bas\u00e9 aux Pays-Bas, avait con\u00e7u le [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-21 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/16\/resoudre-le-probleme-du-stockage-des-donnees\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-17 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 578<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,4 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-19 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-40 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-21 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"465\" alt=\"Patricia Wier\" title=\"Clip0017 copy\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0017-copy.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-21984\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0017-copy-200x166.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0017-copy-400x332.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0017-copy.jpg 560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-41 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-23 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/16\/encyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton-prime-movers\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton Prime Movers<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-18\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton Prime Movers      Patricia Wier, EB, Marvin Minsky du MIT Media Lab, et Alan Kay  BBritannica avait acquis un grand ordinateur central dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 principalement utilis\u00e9 pour g\u00e9rer les activit\u00e9s de publipostage et de vente \u00e0 temp\u00e9rament de l'entreprise, bien qu'il ait \u00e9galement fait les [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-22 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/16\/encyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton-prime-movers\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-18 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 584<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">5,7 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-20 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-42 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-22 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"446\" alt=\"Patricia Wier\" title=\"a2009050837 copy\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/a2009050837-copy.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/a2009050837-copy-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/a2009050837-copy-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/a2009050837-copy.jpg 446w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-43 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-24 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/16\/patricia-wier-eb-marvin-minsky-mit-alan-kay\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Patricia Wier, EB, Marvin Minsky, MIT &amp; Alan Kay<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-19\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Patricia Wier, EB, Marvin Minsky, MIT &amp; Alan Kay  Britannica avait acquis un grand ordinateur central dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 principalement utilis\u00e9 pour g\u00e9rer les activit\u00e9s de publipostage et de vente \u00e0 temp\u00e9rament de l'entreprise, bien qu'il ait \u00e9galement fait les applications comptables habituelles et g\u00e9r\u00e9 les fonctions de paie et de comptes d\u00e9biteurs. En [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-23 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/16\/patricia-wier-eb-marvin-minsky-mit-alan-kay\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-19 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 523<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">5,6 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-21 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-44 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-23 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"465\" alt=\"Peter Norton\" title=\"Clip0018\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0018.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-21969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0018-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0018-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0018-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0018.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-45 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-25 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/peter-norton-fait-entrer-britannica-dans-le-secteur-des-logiciels\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Peter Norton fait entrer Britannica dans le secteur des logiciels<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-20\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Peter Norton fait entrer Britannica dans le secteur des logiciels  Aien qu'il ne soit pas pr\u00eat \u00e0 suivre les conseils de Wier en 1983, le conseil d'administration de Britannica est convaincu que l'entreprise doit se rapprocher du march\u00e9 \u00e9mergent des ordinateurs personnels. Cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, l'Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Educational Corporation, dont j'ai \u00e9t\u00e9 plus tard le pr\u00e9sident, a publi\u00e9 une [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-24 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/19\/peter-norton-fait-entrer-britannica-dans-le-secteur-des-logiciels\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-20 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 571<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,2 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-22 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-46 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-24 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"465\" title=\"Clip0019 copy\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0019-copy.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-21987\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0019-copy-200x168.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0019-copy-400x336.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clip0019-copy.jpg 554w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-47 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-26 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/20\/harold-kester-smartrieve-et-lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Harold Kester, SmarTrieve et l&rsquo;Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-21\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Harold Kester, SmarTrieve, et l'encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton  AApr\u00e8s avoir analys\u00e9 plus avant le march\u00e9 potentiel d'un tel ouvrage, Stanley Frank, alors responsable du d\u00e9veloppement, a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 en 1988 de s'associer \u00e0 Education Systems Corporation de San Diego, en Californie, pour le d\u00e9velopper. L'ESC disposait d'une expertise dans le d\u00e9veloppement de logiciels gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de produits [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-25 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/20\/harold-kester-smartrieve-et-lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-21 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 572<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">4,4 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-23 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-48 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-25 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"465\" alt=\"stan frank eb\" title=\"Stanley Frank\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Frank-Stanley.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Frank-Stanley-200x168.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Frank-Stanley-400x337.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Frank-Stanley.jpg 552w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-49 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-27 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/21\/dr-stanley-frank-vice-president-executif-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Dr. Stanley Frank, Vice-pr\u00e9sident ex\u00e9cutif, Encyclopaedia Britannica<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-22\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Dr. Stanley Frank, Vice-pr\u00e9sident ex\u00e9cutif, Encyclopaedia Britannica  THus, d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but, l'id\u00e9e novatrice de d\u00e9velopper une architecture bas\u00e9e sur des chemins de recherche multiples vers des informations connexes \u00e9tait au c\u0153ur du produit. Les hyperliens r\u00e9ciproques entre les donn\u00e9es connexes contenues dans d'autres chemins de recherche sont \u00e9galement essentiels \u00e0 la conception. Avec un produit facile \u00e0 utiliser [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-26 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/21\/dr-stanley-frank-vice-president-executif-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-22 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 696<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,3 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-24 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-50 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-26 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Comptons Video 1995 - Patrick Stewart Promotion\" title=\"Comptons Video 1995 &#8211; Patrick Stewart Promotion\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-51 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-28 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/22\/lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton-fait-parler-delle\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">L&rsquo;encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton fait parler d&rsquo;elle<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-23\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> L'encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton fait parler d'elle Tles m\u00e9dias ont \u00e0 nouveau remarqu\u00e9. C'est ce que dit Newsweek de cette interface informatique r\u00e9volutionnaire :\"Les ordinateurs ne sont plus seulement des machines \u00e0 \u00e9crire intelligentes et des outils de calcul rapides. . . Pourtant, jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, le battage m\u00e9diatique a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les espoirs dans la collection croissante de programmes multim\u00e9dias. [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-27 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/22\/lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton-fait-parler-delle\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-23 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 514<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">2,9 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-25 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-52 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-27 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"578\" alt=\"Illustration de la revendication du brevet Compton\" title=\"Compton Patent Claim Illustration\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Compton-Patent-Claim-Illustration.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26515\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Compton-Patent-Claim-Illustration-200x145.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Compton-Patent-Claim-Illustration-400x289.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Compton-Patent-Claim-Illustration-600x434.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Compton-Patent-Claim-Illustration.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-53 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-29 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/23\/le-brevet-de-compton-r-i-p-une-pensee-apres-coup\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Le brevet de Compton R.I.P. &#8211; Une pens\u00e9e apr\u00e8s coup<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-24\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Le brevet de Compton R.I.P. - Une pens\u00e9e apr\u00e8s coup  Lorsque l'Office des brevets a fait marche arri\u00e8re en 1994 et a retir\u00e9 le brevet qu'il avait d\u00e9livr\u00e9 juste l'ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, Britannica a contest\u00e9 cette action et a intent\u00e9 un proc\u00e8s. Des ann\u00e9es plus tard, un tribunal f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de district \u00e0 Washington, D.C. a jug\u00e9 que l'Office des [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-28 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/23\/le-brevet-de-compton-r-i-p-une-pensee-apres-coup\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-24 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 571<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">16 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-26 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-54 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-28 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Charles Van Doren and Herb Stemple\" title=\"van doren and stemple 21 1956 copy\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/van-doren-and-stemple-21-1956-copy.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-26932\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/van-doren-and-stemple-21-1956-copy-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/van-doren-and-stemple-21-1956-copy-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/van-doren-and-stemple-21-1956-copy.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-55 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-30 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/van-doren-twenty-one-music\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Van Doren Twenty-One Music<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-25\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Dum, Dum, DUM, Dum, Dum, Dum, DUM     ENote du r\u00e9dacteur: Ecoutez attentivement le battement de tambour dramatique entendu en d\u00e9cembre 1956 alors que Charles Van Doren battait Herb Stemple. Bien qu'il n'en ait peut-\u00eatre pas eu conscience, le son a suivi Van Doren plus tard dans sa vie.     <\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-29 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/van-doren-twenty-one-music\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-25 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 670<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">0,3 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-27 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-56 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-29 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" title=\"Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2-scaled.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Dr.-Stanley-Frank_2-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-57 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-31 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/demonstration-du-cd-rom-de-lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton-1990\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">D\u00e9monstration du CD-ROM de l&rsquo;Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton 1990<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-26\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> D\u00e9monstration du CD-ROM de l'Encyclop\u00e9die multim\u00e9dia de Compton 1990  Dans cette vid\u00e9o r\u00e9alis\u00e9e le 1er f\u00e9vrier 1990, le Dr Stanley Frank, vice-pr\u00e9sident ex\u00e9cutif de l'Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. montre aux \u00e9ducateurs du pays, en direct par satellite, comment acc\u00e9der au texte, au son, \u00e0 la vid\u00e9o et aux cartes dans le nouveau CD-ROM Compton's Multimedia Encyclopedia.    [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-30 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/demonstration-du-cd-rom-de-lencyclopedie-multimedia-de-compton-1990\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-26 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 535<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">0,3 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-28 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-58 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-30 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" alt=\"Comptons Video 1995 - Patrick Stewart Promotion\" title=\"Comptons Video 1995 &#8211; Patrick Stewart Promotion\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Video-1995-Patrick-Stewart-Promotion.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-59 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-32 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/patrick-stewart-introduces-the-1995-comptons-multimedia-encyclopedia-cd-rom\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Patrick Stewart Introduces the 1995 Compton&rsquo;s Multimedia Encyclopedia CD-ROM<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-27\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Patrick Stewart Introduces the 1995 Compton's Multimedia Encyclopedia CD-ROM     <\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-31 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/patrick-stewart-introduces-the-1995-comptons-multimedia-encyclopedia-cd-rom\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-27 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 696<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">0 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-29 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-60 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-31 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1691\" height=\"1143\" title=\"Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27049\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996-200x135.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996-400x270.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996-600x406.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996-800x541.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996-1200x811.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Comptons-Guided-Tour-1996.jpg 1691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-61 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-33 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/video-interactive-de-compton\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Vid\u00e9o interactive de Compton<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-28\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Cette derni\u00e8re vid\u00e9o offre une visite guid\u00e9e sur la fa\u00e7on de naviguer dans les \u00e9l\u00e9ments texte, vid\u00e9o, son, image et dictionnaire de l'Encyclop\u00e9die interactive Compton de 1996, plus int\u00e9ressante visuellement.       <\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-32 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/24\/video-interactive-de-compton\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-28 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 537<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">0,2 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-30 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-62 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-32 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"548\" alt=\"Missile Defense\" title=\"Safeguard\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Safeguard.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-24859\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Safeguard-200x199.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Safeguard-400x397.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Safeguard.jpg 552w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-63 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-34 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/inventer-le-futur-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Inventer le futur &#8211; Encyclopaedia Britannica (dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9)<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-29\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Inventer l'avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica R\u00e9plique de la 1\u00e8re \u00e9dition de l'Encyclopaedia Britannica 1768     Un simple artefact du si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res \u00e9cossais ? Wous auriez pu deviner qu'\u00e0 la fin de l'ann\u00e9e 20th si\u00e8cle, ce serait une entreprise fond\u00e9e en \u00c9cosse en 1768 qui inventerait un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la m\u00e9canique qui permettrait aux gens [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-33 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/26\/inventer-le-futur-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-29 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe1_ic205j10\/\" title=\"Articles par admin\" rel=\"author\">admin<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 850<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">81,4 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-31 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-64 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-65 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-35 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/30\/le-cadeau-de-lencyclopaedia-britannica-a-lere-numerique\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">Le cadeau de l&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re num\u00e9rique<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-30\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> Le cadeau de l'Encyclopaedia Britannica \u00e0 l'\u00e8re num\u00e9rique Mpr\u00e8s avoir occup\u00e9 pendant 28 ans les fonctions de vice-pr\u00e9sident ex\u00e9cutif, d'avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et de secr\u00e9taire de l'Encyclopaedia Britannica, ainsi que celles de secr\u00e9taire de son ancien propri\u00e9taire, la Fondation William Benton, Tony Bowe a naturellement d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'interroger son cousin sur sa carri\u00e8re chez Britannica. Bill commence par raconter \u00e0 Tony [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-34 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/01\/30\/le-cadeau-de-lencyclopaedia-britannica-a-lere-numerique\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-30 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 901<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">3,5 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-32 fusion-flex-column post-card fusion-grid-column fusion-post-cards-grid-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:0px;--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-bottom:0px;--awb-padding-left:3%;--awb-bg-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-color-hover:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);--awb-bg-blend:overlay;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-66 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_3 1_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:33.3333333333%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5.76%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5.76%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-34 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1657\" height=\"932\" alt=\"Bill Bowe\" title=\"ddddd-1-4\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-28232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-200x112.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ddddd-1-4.jpg 1657w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 1919px) 600px,(min-width: 1920px) 33vw\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-67 fusion_builder_column_inner_2_3 2_3 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:66.6666666667%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:2.88%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:2.88%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-36 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-five\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:30px;\"><h5 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;font-size:1em;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/02\/12\/lencyclopaedia-britannica-entre-dans-lere-numerique\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\">L&rsquo;Encyclopaedia Britannica entre dans l&rsquo;\u00e8re num\u00e9rique<\/a><\/h5><\/div><div class=\"fusion-content-tb fusion-content-tb-31\" style=\"--awb-text-color:#333333;--awb-content-alignment:left;--awb-text-transform:none;\"><p> L'Encyclopaedia Britannica entre dans l'\u00e8re num\u00e9rique Dans cet \u00e9pisode des conversations de Tony Bowe avec son cousin, Bill Bowe \u00e9voque la fondation d'EB en 1768 en \u00c9cosse, et sa migration de Londres et New York avant d'\u00eatre rachet\u00e9e par Sears Roebuck et de s'installer \u00e0 Chicago \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1920. Il poursuit en rappelant que lorsque Sears [...]<\/p><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-small button-default fusion-button-default button-35 fusion-button-default-span fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/2023\/02\/12\/lencyclopaedia-britannica-entre-dans-lere-numerique\/\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Lire la suite<\/span><i class=\"fa-angle-right fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"fusion-meta-tb fusion-meta-tb-31 floated\" style=\"--awb-height:36px;--awb-alignment-medium:flex-start;--awb-alignment-small:flex-start;\"><span class=\"fusion-tb-author\">By <span><a href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/author\/wbowe\/\" title=\"Articles par Bill Bowe\" rel=\"author\">Bill Bowe<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-total-views\">Views: 817<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><span class=\"fusion-tb-published-read-time\">1,9 min read<\/span><span class=\"fusion-meta-tb-sep\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-33 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:;--awb-flex-shrink-small:;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dotted\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#005b8c;border-color:#005b8c;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-end fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-68 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:3%;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-left:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:25%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element\" style=\"text-align:left;--awb-max-width:100px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-35 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"175\" alt=\"Encyclop\u00e9die\" title=\"chapitre_Comptons-Encyclop\u00e9die interactive\" src=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chapter_Comptons-Interactive-Encyclopedia.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive wp-image-27863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chapter_Comptons-Interactive-Encyclopedia-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chapter_Comptons-Interactive-Encyclopedia.jpg 175w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-69 fusion_builder_column_inner_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:3%;--awb-padding-left:5%;--awb-bg-color:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-color-hover:var(--awb-color2);--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:var(--awb-color7);--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-right:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-width-large:75%;--awb-margin-top-large:20px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-36 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/?p=27835\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Chapitre : Inventer l&rsquo;avenir &#8211; Encyclopaedia Britannica (dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9)<\/span><\/a><\/div><div style=\"text-align:right;\"><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default fusion-button-default button-37 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/2023-01-19-7-Inventing-the-Future-Encyclopaedia-Britannica.pdf\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text awb-button__text awb-button__text--default\">Chapitre : PDF<\/span><i class=\"fa-file-pdf fas awb-button__icon awb-button__icon--default button-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":27731,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27417","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Inventer l&#039;avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica - William J. Bowe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inventer l&#039;avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica - William J. Bowe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"William J. Bowe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-21T14:25:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/mes-memoires\\\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/mes-memoires\\\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\\\/\",\"name\":\"Inventer l'avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica - William J. Bowe\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-22T20:11:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-21T14:25:17+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/mes-memoires\\\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/mes-memoires\\\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/mes-memoires\\\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u00c9meutes et fus\u00e9es\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/fr\\\/mes-memoires\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Inventer l&#8217;avenir &#8211; Encyclopaedia Britannica\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"William J. Bowe\",\"description\":\"William J. Bowe\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wbowe.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Inventer l'avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica - William J. Bowe","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Inventer l'avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica - William J. Bowe","og_url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/","og_site_name":"William J. Bowe","article_modified_time":"2023-02-21T14:25:17+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/","url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/","name":"Inventer l'avenir - Encyclopaedia Britannica - William J. Bowe","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-12-22T20:11:29+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-21T14:25:17+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/inventer-lavenir-encyclopaedia-britannica\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u00c9meutes et fus\u00e9es","item":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/mes-memoires\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Inventer l&#8217;avenir &#8211; Encyclopaedia Britannica"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/","name":"William J. Bowe","description":"William J. Bowe","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27417"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27417\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wbowe.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}